American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 28, Issue 5 , Pages 430-438 , June 2005

Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse by Gender of Victim

  • Shanta R. Dube, MPH

      Affiliations

    • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint requests to: Shanta R. Dube, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mailstop K-67, Atlanta GA 30341-3724
    • ,
  • Robert F. Anda, MD, MS

      Affiliations

    • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
    • ,
  • Charles L. Whitfield, MD

      Affiliations

    • Private Practice in Addiction and Trauma Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
    • ,
  • David W. Brown, MSPH, MS

      Affiliations

    • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
    • ,
  • Vincent J. Felitti, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Medicine, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, San Diego, California
    • ,
  • Maxia Dong, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
    • ,
  • Wayne H. Giles, MD, MS

      Affiliations

    • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

References 

  1. Heffernan K , Cloitre M , Tardiff K , Marzuk PM , Portera L , Leon AC . Childhood trauma as a correlate of lifetime opiate use in psychiatric patients . Addict Behav . 2000;25:797–803
  2. Kendall-Tackett KA , Williams LM , Finkelhor D . Impact of sexual abuse on children (a review and synthesis of recent empirical studies) . Psychol Bull . 1993;113:164–180
  3. Kingree JB , Thompson MP , Kaslow NJ . Risk factors for suicide attempts among low-income women with a history of alcohol problems . Addict Behav . 1991;24:583–587
  4. Mullen PE , Martin JL , Anderson JC , Romans SE , Herbison GP . Childhood sexual abuse and mental health in adult life . Br J Psychiatry . 1993;163:721–732
  5. Osofsky JD . The impact of violence on children . Future Child . 1999;9:33–49
  6. van der Kolk BA , Perry JC , Herman JL . Childhood origins of self-destructive behavior . Am J Psychiatry . 1991;148:1665–1671
  7. Fromuth ME . The relationship of childhood sexual abuse with later psychological and sexual adjustment in a sample of college women . Child Abuse Neglect . 1986;10:5–15
  8. Briere J , Runtz M . Symptomology associated with childhood sexual victimization in a nonclinical adult sample . Child Abuse Neglect . 1988;12:51–99
  9. Harter S , Alexander PC , Neimeyer RA . Long-term effects of incestuous child abuse in college women (social adjustment, social cognition, and family characteristics) . J Consult Clin Psychol . 1988;56:5–8
  10. Briere J , Runtz M . Post sexual abuse trauma (data and implications for clinical practice) . J Interpersonal Violence . 1987;2:367–379
  11. Saunders BE , Kilpatrick DG , Hanson RF , Resnick HS , Walker ME . Prevalence, case characteristics, and long-term psychological correlates of child rape among women (a national survey) . Child Maltreatment . 1999;4:187–200
  12. Finkelhor D . Current information on the scope and nature of child sexual abuse . Future Child . 1994;4:31–53
  13. Holmes WC , Slap GB . Sexual abuse of boys . JAMA . 1998;280:1855–1862
  14. Finkelhor D , Baron L . Risk factors for child sexual abuse . J Interpersonal Violence . 1986;1:43–71
  15. Beitchman JH , Zucker KJ , Hood JE , DaCosta GA , Akman D , Cassavia E . A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse . Child Abuse Neglect . 1992;16:101–118
  16. Elliott DM , Briere J . Forensic sexual abuse evaluations of older children (disclosures and symptomology) . Behav Sci Law . 1994;12:261–277
  17. Grayston AD , De Luca RV . Female perpetration of child sexual abuse (a review of the clinical and empirical literature) . Aggressive Violent Behav . 1999;4:93–106
  18. Bensley LS , Eenwyk JV , Simmons KW . Self-reported childhood sexual and physical abuse and adult HIV-risk behaviors and heavy drinking . Am J Prev Med . 2000;18:151–158
  19. Metcalfe M , Oppenheimer R , Dignon A , Palmer RL . Childhood sexual experiences reported by male psychiatric patients . Psychol Med . 1990;20:925–929
  20. Brown GR , Anderson B . Psychiatric morbidity in adult inpatients with childhood histories of sexual and physical abuse . Am J Psychiatry . 1991;148:55–61
  21. Kendler KS , Bulik CM , Silberg J , Hettema JM , Myers J , Prescott CA . Childhood sexual abuse and adult psychiatric and substance use disorders in women (an epidemiological and cotwin control analysis) . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 2000;57:953–959
  22. Rohsenow DJ , Corbett R , Devine D . Molested as children (a hidden contribution to substance abuse?) . J Substance Abuse Treatment . 1988;5:13–18
  23. Kingree JB , Thompson MP , Kaslow NJ . Risk factors for suicide attempts among low-income women with a history of alcohol problems . Addict Behav . 1999;24:583–587
  24. Rossow I , Lauritzen G . Shattered childhood (a key issue in suicidal behavior among drug addicts?) . Addiction . 2001;96:227–240
  25. Felitti VJ , Anda RF , Nordenberg D , et al.   Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults (the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study) . Am J Prev Med . 1998;14:245–258
  26. Anda RF , Croft JB , Felitti VJ , et al.   Adverse childhood experiences and smoking during adolescence and adulthood . JAMA . 1999;282:1652–1658
  27. Hillis SD , Anda RF , Felitti VJ , Nordenberg P , Marchbanks D , et al.   Adverse childhood experiences and sexually transmitted diseases in men and women (a retrospective study) . Pediatrics . 2000;106:1–6
  28. Dietz PM , Spitz AM , Anda RF , et al.   Unintended pregnancy among adult women exposed to abuse or household dysfunction during their childhood . JAMA . 1999;282:1359–1364
  29. Anda RF , Felitti VJ , Chapman DB , et al.   Abused boys, battered mothers, and male involvement in teen pregnancy . Pediatrics . 2001;107:1–8
  30. Dube SR , Anda RF , Felitti VJ , Edwards VJ , Croft JB . Adverse childhood experiences and personal alcohol abuse as an adult . Addict Behav . 2002;27:713–725
  31. Anda RF , Whitfield CL , Felitti VJ , et al.   Adverse childhood experiences, alcoholic parents, and later risk of alcoholism and depression . Psychiatric Services . 2002;53:1001–1009
  32. Dube SR , Felitti VJ , Dong M , Chapman DP , Giles WH , Anda RF . Childhood abuse, neglect and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use (the Adverse Childhood Experience Study) . Pediatrics . 2003;111:564–572
  33. Dong M , Dube SR , Felitti VJ , Giles WH , Anda RF . Adverse childhood experiences and self-reported liver disease (new insights into the causal pathway) . Arch Intern Med . 2003;163:1949–1956
  34. Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Chapman D, Williamson DF, Giles WH. Childhood abuse, household dysfunction and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. JAMA 200;286:3089–96.
  35. Edwards VJ , Anda RF , Nordenberg DF , Felitti VJ , Williamson DF , Wright JA . Bias assessment for child abuse survey; factors affecting probability of response to a survey about childhood abuse . Child Abuse Neglect . 2001;25:307–312
  36. Wyatt GE . The sexual abuse of Afro-American and white American women in childhood . Child Abuse Neglect . 1985;9:507–519
  37. Straus M , Gelles RJ . Physical violence in American families (risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8,145 families) . New Brunswick NJ: Transaction Press; 1990;
  38. Dube SR , Williamson DF , Thompson T , Felitti VJ , Anda RF . Assessing the reliability of retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences among adult HMO members attending a primary care clinic . Child Abuse Neglect . 2004;28:729–737
  39. Schoenborn CA . Exposure to alcoholism in the family (United States, 1998) . Vital Health Stat . 1998;16:
  40. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . Ninth special report to the US Congress on alcohol and health . Rockville MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1997;
  41. Wells KB . Depression as a tracer condition for the national study of medical care outcomes . Santa Monica CA: Rand Corporation; 1985;
  42. Burnam MA , Wells KB , Leake B , Landsverk J . Development of a brief screening instrument for detecting depressive disorders . Med Care . 1988;26:775–789
  43. Burnam MA , Hough RL , Escobar JL , et al.   Six-month prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders among Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic whites in Los Angeles . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1987;44:687–694
  44. Dong M, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, et al. The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse Neglect 28:771–84.
  45. Elliott M . Female sexual abuse of children . New York: Guilford Press; 1994;
  46. Banyard VL , Williams LM , Siegel JA . Childhood sexual abuse (a gender perspective on context and consequences) . Child Maltreatment . 2004;9:223–238
  47. Berliner L , Elliott DM , et al.   Sexual abuse of children . In:  Meyers JEB ,  Berliner L ,  Briere J ,  Hendrix CT ,  Jenny C ,  Reid TA editor. The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment . Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications; 2002;p. 55–78
  48. Putnam FW . Ten-year research update review (child sexual abuse) . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychol . 2003;42:269–278
  49. Chandy JM , Blum RW , Resnick MD . Gender-specific outcomes for sexually abuse adolescents . Child Abuse Neglect . 1996;20:1219–1231
  50. Femina DD , Yeager CA , Lewis DO . Child abuse (adolescent records vs adult recall) . Child Abuse Neglect . 1990;14:227–231
  51. Williams LM . Recovered memories of abuse in women with documented child sexual victimization histories . J Trauma Stress . 1995;8:649–673
  52. Finkelhor D , Hotaling G , Lewis IA , Smith C . Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women (prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors) . Child Abuse Neglect . 1990;14:19–28
  53. Collings SJ . The long-term effects of contact and noncontact forms of child sexual abuse in a sample of university men . Child Abuse Neglect . 1995;19:1–6
  54. Roberts R , O’Connor T , Dunn J , Golding J . The effects of child sexual abuse in later family life; mental health, parenting and adjustment of offspring . Child Abuse Neglect . 2004;28:525–545
  55. Johnson CF . Child sexual abuse . Lancet . 2004;364:462–470

PII: S0749-3797(05)00078-4

doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.01.015

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 28, Issue 5 , Pages 430-438 , June 2005

Article Tools