American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 29, Issue 4 , Pages 302-307 , November 2005

Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections by Gargling: A Randomized Trial

  • Kazunari Satomura, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Public Health and International Health, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
    • ,
  • Tetsuhisa Kitamura, MS

      Affiliations

    • Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
    • ,
  • Takashi Kawamura, MD

      Affiliations

    • Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint requests to: Takashi Kawamura, MD, Kyoto University Health Service, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
    • ,
  • Takuro Shimbo, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
    • ,
  • Motoi Watanabe, MS

      Affiliations

    • Hokkaido University of Education Faculty of Education, Sapporo, Japan
    • ,
  • Mitsuhiro Kamei, MD

      Affiliations

    • Private practice, Nagoya, Japan
    • ,
  • Yoshihisa Takano, MD

      Affiliations

    • Private practice, Yashiro, Japan
    • ,
  • Akiko Tamakoshi, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Medicine/Biostatistics and Medical Decision Making, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
    • ,
  • Great Cold Investigators-I

References 

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  3. Wutzler P , Sauerbrei A , Klocking R , Brogmann B , Reimer K . Virucidal activity and cytotoxicity of the liposomal formulation of povidone-iodine . Antiviral Res . 2002;54:89–97
  4. Kawana R , Kitamura T , Nakagomi O , et al.   Inactivation of human viruses by povidone-iodine in comparison with other antiseptics . Dermatology . 1997;195(suppl 2):29–35
  5. Yasuhara T , Ito K . A questionnaire survey to evaluate the efficiency of gargling . San Ei Shi . 1996;38:217–222 (in Japanese)
  6. Itagaki A , Iizuka S , Gomyoda T , Kurimura T . Effects of gargling on the epidemic of influenza . 1987;35:292; Abstracts of the 35th meeting of the Japanese Society of Virology (in Japanese)
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  12. Reithmayer M , Reischl A , Snyers L , Blaas D . Species-specific receptor recognition by a minor-group human rhinovirus (HRV) (HRV serotype 1A distinguishes between the murine and the human low-density lipoprotein receptor) . J Virol . 2002;76:6957–6965
  13. Shirai J , Kanno T , Tsuchiya Y , Mitsubayashi S , Seki R . Effects of chlorine, iodine, and quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants on several exotic disease viruses . J Vet Med Sci . 2000;62:85–92
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  18. Balin AK , Pratt L . Dilute povidone-iodine solutions inhibit human skin fibroblast growth . Dermatol Surg . 2002;28:210–214
  19. Fumal I , Braham C , Paquet P , Pierard-Franchimont C , Pierard GE . The beneficial toxicity paradox of antimicrobials in leg ulcer healing impaired by a polymicrobial flora (a proof-of-concept study) . Dermatology . 2002;204(suppl 1):70–74
  20. Wormser U , Sintov A , Brodsky B , Amitai Y , Nyska A . Protective effect of topical iodine preparations upon heat-induced and hydrofluoric acid-induced skin lesions . Toxicol Pathol . 2002;30:552–558
  21. Niedner R . Cytotoxicity and sensitization of povidone-iodine and other frequently used anti-infective agents . Dermatology . 1997;195(suppl 2):89–92
  22. Kramer SA . Effect of povidone-iodine on wound healing (a review) . J Vasc Nurs . 1999;17:17–23
  23. Burks RI . Povidone-iodine solution in wound treatment . Phys Ther . 1998;78:212–218
  24. Flynn J . Povidone-iodine as a topical antiseptic for treating and preventing wound infection (a literature review) . Br J Community Nurs . 2003;8(suppl):S36–S42

PII: S0749-3797(05)00258-8

doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.013

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 29, Issue 4 , Pages 302-307 , November 2005

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