American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 29, Issue 5 , Pages 440-449 , December 2005

Death and Injury from Motor Vehicle Crashes: A Tale of Two Countries

  • Elihu D. Richter, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Hebrew University–Hadassah School of Community Medicine and Public Health, Injury Prevention Center, Jerusalem, Israel
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint requests to: Elihu Richter, MD, MPH, Hebrew University–Hadassah School of Community Medicine and Public Health, Injury Prevention Center, POB 12272, Jerusalem, Israel 91120.
    • ,
  • Lee S. Friedman, MPH

      Affiliations

    • University of Illinois School of Public Heath, Chicago, Illinois
    • ,
  • Tamar Berman, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Hebrew University–Hadassah School of Community Medicine and Public Health, Injury Prevention Center, Jerusalem, Israel
    • ,
  • Avraham Rivkind, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery and Trauma Center, Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel

References 

  1. UK Department of Transport. in 2001, 2002, 2003. Available at www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_transtats/documents/page/dft-transtats_506091.pdf. Accessed April 2003.
  2. U.S. Department of Transportation . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . Traffic Safety Fact Sheet . 2001; Available at: www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-30/ncsa/NASS.html. Accessed April 2002.
  3. Nilsson G . The effect of speed limits on traffic accidents in Sweden . VTI report 68. Linkoping Sweden: National Road and Traffic Research Institute; 1982;
  4. Evans L . Driver injury and fatality risk in two-car crashes versus mass ratio inferred using Newtonian mechanics . Accid Anal Prev . 1994;26:609–616
  5. Ashton SJ , Mackay GM . Pedestrian Injuries and Death . In:  Mason JK editors. The Pathology of Violent Injury . London: Edward Arnold; 1979;p. 38–54
  6. Joksch H . Velocity change and fatality risk in a crash (a rule of thumb) . Accid Anal Prev . 1993;103–104
  7. Annest J , Ryan G , Vyrostek S . National estimates of fatal and non-fatal injuries in the United States (2001) . Case fatality rates . 2004;27: Paper presented at 7th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion. WHO and EC Abstracts
  8. Van Beeck EF , Mackenback JP , Looman CWN , Kunst A . Determinants of traffic accident mortality in the Netherlands (A geographical analysis) . Int J Epidemiol . 1991;20:698–706
  9. Richter ED , Barach P , Friedman LS , Krikler S , Israeli A . Raised speed limits, speed spillover, case fatality rates and road deaths in Israel (a five-year follow-up) . Am J Public Health . 2004;94:568–574
  10. Kim HJ , Fay MP , Feuer EJ , Midthune DN . Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates . Stats Med . 2000;19:335–351
  11. Bland M . An introduction to medical statistics . 2nd ed.. Great Britain: Oxford Medical Publications; 1995;
  12. United Kingdom Department of Transport . Cost recovery system for traffic safety camera (first year report, executive summary) . London: Department of Transport; 2001; (prepared by PA Consulting Group).
  13. Farmer CM , Retting R , Lund AK . Changes in motor vehicle occupant fatalities after repeal of the national maximum speed limit . Accid Anal Prev . 1999;31:537–543
  14. Parker MR . Effects of raising and lowering speed limits on selected roadway sections . Washington DC: Federal Highway Administration; 1997; (report FHWA-RD-92-084).
  15. U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . Traffic Safety Fact Sheet . 1998; Available at: www.nhtsa.dot.gov. Accessed January 2001.
  16. National Safety Council . Injury facts (deaths and injuries on the road) . 1999; Available at: www.nsc.org. Accessed January 2001.
  17. Think! Road Safety Website. Seat belt. Available at: www.thinkroadsafety.gov.uk/1999. Accessed January 2001.
  18. Cummings P , McKnight B , Rivara F , Grossman DC . Association of driver air bags with driver fatality (a matched cohort study) . BMJ . 2002;324:1119–1122
  19. Lecky F , Woodford M , Yates DW . Trends in trauma care in England and Wales 1989–97. UK Trauma Audit and Research Network . Lancet . 2000;355:1771–1775
  20. Nicholl J , Turner J . Effectiveness of regional trauma system in reducing mortality from major trauma (before and after study) . BMJ . 1997;315:1349–1354
  21. Roberts I , Campbell F , Hollis S , Yates D  Steering Committee of the Major Trauma Outcome Study Group . Reducing accident death rates in children and young adults (the contribution of hospital care) . BMJ . 1996;313:239–241
  22. Nathens AB , Jurkovich GJ , Rivara FP , Maier RV . Effectiveness of state trauma systems in reducing injury related mortality (a national evaluation) . J Trauma . 2000;48:25–31
  23. O’Neill B. Candid views on the U.S. highway safety record. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, January 2005. Available at: www.iihs.org/trb_oneill_011205.pdf. Accessed April 2005.
  24. Insurance Institute of Highway Safety. Vehicle incompatibility in crashes, 2005. Insurance Institute of Highway Safety, Available at: http://www.iihs.org/sr/pdfs/sr4005.pdf. Accessed June 2005.
  25. UK Department of Environment, Transport, and the Regions . A new deal for transport (better for everyone) . White paper. London: UK Department of Environment, Transport, and the Regions; 1998;
  26. Hooke A , Knox J , Portas D . Cost benefit analysis of traffic light and speed cameras. Police Research Series paper 20 . London: Department of Transport; 1996;
  27. Pilkington P , Kinra S . Effectiveness of speed cameras in preventing road traffic collisions and related casualties (systematic review) . BMJ . 2005;12:331–334
  28. Bunn F , Collier T , Frost C , Ker K , Roberts I , Wentz R . Traffic calming for the prevention of road traffic injuries (systematic review and meta-analysis) . Inj Prev . 2003;9:200–204
  29. UK Department for Transport. Cameras saving 100 lives a year. News release 2004/0067, June 15, 2004. Available at: www.dft.gov.uk. Accessed April 2005.
  30. Christie S, Jones S, Lyons R. Do mobile speed cameras transfer crash risk onto alternative routes? A controlled before and after study. Safety 2004 Abstracts, 7th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, Vienna, June 2004.
  31. U.S. Insurance Institute of Highway Safety. QA: Speed-Law Enforcement. Available at: www.iihs.org/safety_facts/qanda/speed_lawenf.htm. Accessed May 2005.
  32. Evans L . Traffic safety, 2004 . Bloomfield Hills MI: Science Serving Society; 2004;
  33. Richter ED, Berman T, Friedman L, Ben-David G. Speed, road injury and public health: a review. Ann Public Health (in press).
  34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Motor vehicle safety (a 20th century public health achievement) . Mor Mortal Wkly Rep . 1999;48:369–374
  35. Smeed RJ . Variations in the pattern of accident rates in different countries and their causes . Traffic Eng Control . 1968;10:364–371
  36. Richter ED , Barach P , Ben-Michael E , Berman T . Death and injury from motor vehicle crashes (a public health failure, not an achievement) . Inj Prev . 2001;7:176–178
  37. Quinlan KP , Brewer RD , Siegel P , et al.   Alcohol-impaired driving among U.S. adults, 1993–2002 . Am J Prev Med . 2005;28:346–350
  38. Hunter W , Stewart J , Van Heusen-Causey S . An overview of rural speed crashes in North Carolina 1994–1999 . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center; 2000; Available at: www.hsrc.unc.edu/pdf/2000/ruralspd.pdf. Accessed April 2005.
  39. Peek-Asa C , Kraus JF . Alcohol use, driver, and crash characteristics among injured motorcycle drivers . J Trauma . 1996;41:989–993
  40. Evans L . Traffic safety and the driver . New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1991;
  41. U.S. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Evaluation of the Repeal of Motorcycle Helmet Laws in Kentucky and Louisiana. Available at: http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/pedbimot/motorcycle/kentuky-la03/index.html. Accessed April 2005.
  42. U.S. Department of Transportation. HTSA-DOT releases preliminary estimates of 2003 highway. Available at: www.nhtsa.dot.gov/nhtsa. Accessed April 28, 2004.
  43. The slower speeds initiative. Available at: www.slower-speeds.org.uk. Accessed April 2005.
  44. Australian Road and Traffic Authority. Available at: www.rta.nsw.gov/au/roadsafety/speedandspeedcameras. Accessed June 2005.
  45. Johnston I . Reducing injury from speed related road crashes . Inj Prev . 2004;10:257–259
  46. Evans L . A new traffic safety vision for the United States . Am J Public Health . 2003;93:1384–1386

 The full text of this article is available via AJPM Online at www.ajpm-online.net

PII: S0749-3797(05)00331-4

doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.035

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 29, Issue 5 , Pages 440-449 , December 2005

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution