American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 35, Issue 1 , Pages 55-59 , July 2008

Golf Cart–Related Injuries in the U.S

  • Daniel S. Watson, BS

      Affiliations

    • College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
    • ,
  • Tracy J. Mehan, MA

      Affiliations

    • The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Injury Research and Policy, Columbus, Ohio
    • ,
  • Gary A. Smith, MD, DrPH

      Affiliations

    • College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
    • The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Injury Research and Policy, Columbus, Ohio
    • ,
  • Lara B. McKenzie, PhD, MA

      Affiliations

    • College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
    • The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Injury Research and Policy, Columbus, Ohio
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint requests to: Lara B. McKenzie, PhD, MA, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Injury Research and Policy, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus OH 43205.

References 

  1. Rahimi SY, Singh H, Yeh DJ, Shaver EG, Flannery AM, Lee MR. Golf-associated head injury in the pediatric population: a common sports injury. J Neurosurg. 2005;102(2S):163–166
  2. Taylor-Dunn Commercial and Industrial Vehicles. Features and specifications of electruck golf cart. www.taylor-dunn.com/07vehiclesforyourindustry/41electruck.htm
  3. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Low speed vehicles (49 CFR Part 571, Docket No. NHTSA 98-3949). Washington DC: NHTSA; 1998;
  4. Levalley N. Modified golf cart goes where ambulance cannot. Hosp Top. 1968;46:71–72
  5. Elias J. Inspection and testing of low speed vehicles: Report No. HS-808-940. Washington DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 1998;www.nhtsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA/NRD/Multimedia/PDFs/VRTC/cw/lospeedveh.pdf
  6. Berry JW. Making yourself mobile with a medical golf cart. J Athl Train. 1993;28:128–130
  7. California Department of Motor Vehicles. Golf carts on local highways Vehicle Code Section 21115, Division 11, Chapter 1, Article 3. Sacramento CA: DMV; 2000;www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/vctop/d11/vc21115.htm
  8. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)National Golf Car Manufacturers Association. American national standard for golf cars-safety and performance requirements (Report No. ANSI/NGCMA Z130.1). Washington DC: ANSI; 2005;
  9. Kelly EG. Major injuries occurring during use of a golf cart. Orthopedics. 1996;19:519–521discussion 521–3
  10. Passaro KT, Cole TB, Morris PD, Matthews DL, MacKenzie WR. Golf cart related injuries in a North Carolina island community, 1992–4. Inj Prev. 1996;2:124–125
  11. Long TJ, Fugger TF, Randles B. Vehicle performance characteristics and seat belt effectiveness in low speed vehicles and golf cars: paper number 05-0431. Washington DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2005;www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-01/esv/esv19/05-0431-W.pdf
  12. Seluga KJ, Ojalvo IU, Obert RM. Low speed vehicle passenger ejection restraint effectiveness. Accid Anal Prev. 2005;37:801–806
  13. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System: a tool for researchers. Washington DC: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission; 2000;
  14. Schroeder T, Ault K. The NEISS sample (design and implementation), 1997 to present. Washington DC: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Division of Hazard and Injury Data Systems; 2001;
  15. U.S. Census Bureau Population Demographics. Annual estimates of the population for the U.S., regions, states, and for Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 (NST-EST2006-01). Washington DC: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau; 2007;www.census.gov/popest/states/NST-ann-est.html
  16. U.S. Census Bureau Population Demographics. Table US-EST90INT-06—Intercensal estimates of the U.S. civilian population by age groups and sex, 1990–2000: Selected Months, 2002. Washington DC: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau; 2007;www.census.gov/popest/archives/EST90INTERCENSAL?US-EST90INT-04.html
  17. Seluga KJ, Ojalvo IU. Braking hazards of golf cars and low speed vehicles. Accid Anal Prev. 2006;38:1151–1156
  18. Ridgeview Country Club. Cart safety policy. www.ridgeviewcountryclub.com
  19. Seneca Falls Country Club. Golf policies. Seneca Falls NY: Seneca Falls Country Club; 2004;www.senecafallscountryclub.com/policies.htm
  20. South Florida University. USF cart safety training program. www.nctr.usf.edu/golfcart.htm
  21. Stanford University. Safety guidelines: operation of rented or personally-owned golf cart-type vehicles. www.stanford.edu/dept/EHS/prod/mainrencon/occhealth/golfcart/golfcart_safety.htm
  22. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention. snowmobile statement. Pediatrics. 1988;82:798–799
  23. American Academy of Pediatrics. All-terrain vehicle injury prevention: two-, three-, and four-wheeled unlicensed motor vehicles. Pediatrics. 2000;105:1352–1354
  24. Bull MJ, Agran P, Gardner HG, et al. Lawn mower-related injuries to children. Pediatrics. 2001;107:1480–1481
  25. Collins CL, Smith GA, Comstock RD. Children plus all nonautomobile motorized vehicles (not just all-terrain vehicles) equals injuries. Pediatrics. 2007;120:134–141

PII: S0749-3797(08)00316-4

doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.029

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 35, Issue 1 , Pages 55-59 , July 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution