American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 35, Issue 2 , Pages 95-102 , August 2008

Exposure to Smoking Imagery in Popular Films and Adolescent Smoking in Mexico

  • James F. Thrasher, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
    • Departamento de Investigacion sobre Tabaco, Centro de Investigaciones en Salud Póblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint requests to: James F. Thrasher, PhD, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 800 Sumter Street, Room #215, Columbia SC 29208.
  • ,
  • Christine Jackson, PhD

      Affiliations

    • RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
  • ,
  • Edna Arillo-Santillán, MA

      Affiliations

    • Departamento de Investigacion sobre Tabaco, Centro de Investigaciones en Salud Póblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
  • ,
  • James D. Sargent, MD

      Affiliations

    • Noris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire

References 

  1. WHO. World Health Report 1999. Geneva: WHO; 1999;
  2. Sargent JD. Smoking in movies: impact on adolescent smoking. Adolesc Med. 2005;16:345–370
  3. Charlesworth A, Glantz SA. Smoking in the movies increases adolescent smoking: a review. Pediatrics. 2005;116:1516–1528
  4. Sargent JD, Tickle JJ, Beach ML, Dalton MA, Ahrens MB, Heatherton TF. Brand appearances in contemporary cinema films and contribution to global marketing of cigarettes. Lancet. 2001;357:29–32
  5. Sargent JD, Dalton MA, Beach ML, et al. Viewing tobacco use in movies: does it shape attitudes that mediate adolescent smoking?. Am J Prev Med. 2002;22:137–145
  6. Sargent JD, Beach ML, Adachi-Mejia AM, et al. Exposure to movie smoking: its relations to smoking initiation among U.S. adolescents. Pediatrics. 2005;116:1183–1191
  7. Sargent JD, Beach ML, Dalton MA, et al. Effect of seeing tobacco use in films on trying smoking among adolescents: cross sectional study. BMJ. 2001;323:1394–1397
  8. Distefan JM, Gilpin EA, Sargent JD, Pierce JP. Do movie stars encourage adolescents to start smoking? (Evidence from California). Prev Med. 1999;28:1–11
  9. Dalton M, Sargent J, Beach M, et al. Effect of viewing smoking in movies on adolescent smoking initiation: a cohort study. Lancet. 2003;362:281–285
  10. Distefan JM, Pierce JP, Gilpin EA. Do favorite movie stars influence adolescent smoking initiation?. Am J Public Health. 2004;94:1239–1244
  11. Jackson C, Brown JD, L'Engle KL. R-rated movies, bedroom televisions, and initiation of smoking by white and black adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161:260–268
  12. Wellman RJ, Sugarman DB, DiFranza JR, Winickoff JP. The extent to which tobacco marketing and tobacco use in films contribute to children's use of tobacco. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:1285–1296
  13. Hanewinkel R, Sargent JD. Exposure to smoking in popular contemporary movies and youth smoking in Germany. Am J Prev Med. 2007;32:466–473
  14. Valdés-Salgado R, Thrasher JF, Sánchez-Zamorano LM, et al. Challenges of the framework convention on tobacco control in Mexico: a diagnosis using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. (In Spanish) Revista de Salud Pública de México. 2006;48(S1):S5–S16
  15. Dalton MA, Tickle JJ, Sargent JD, Beach ML, Ahrens BM, Heatherton TF. The incidence and context of tobacco use in popular movies from 1988–1997. Prev Med. 2002;34:516–523
  16. Pierce JP, Choi WS, Gilpin EA, Farkas AJ, Merritt RK. Validation of susceptibility as a predictor of which adolescents take up smoking in the United States. Health Psychol. 1996;15:355–361
  17. Jackson C, Dickinson D. Cigarette consumption during childhood and persistence of smoking through adolescence. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158:1–7
  18. Pokorny SB, Jason LA, Schoeny ME. Current smoking among young adolescents: assessing school-based contextual norms. Tob Control. 2004;13:301–307
  19. Eisenberg ME, Forster JL. Adolescent smoking behavior: measures of social norms. Am J Prev Med. 2003;25:122–128
  20. Fagan P, Eisenberg ME, Stoddard AM, Frazier L, Sorensen G. Social influences, social norms, social support, and smoking behavior among adolescents workers. Am J Health Promot. 2001;15:414–421
  21. Zuckerman M. Sensation Seeking: Beyond the Optimal Level of Arousal. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1978;
  22. Skara S, Sussman S, Dent CW. Predicting regular cigarette use among continuation high school students. Am J Health Behav. 2001;25:147–156
  23. Thrasher JF, Niederdeppe J, Jackson C, Farrelly MC. Using anti-tobacco industry messages to prevent smoking among high-risk youth. Health Educ Res. 2006;21:325–337
  24. Roberts DF, Foehr UG, Rideout V. Generation M: media in the lives of 8–18-year-olds. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; 2005;
  25. Hornik R, Maklan D, Orwin R, et al. Evaluation of the national youth anti-drug media campaign: third semi-annual report of findings. Washington DC: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health; 2001;
  26. Stephenson MT, Hoyle RH, Palmgreen P, Slater MD. Brief measures of sensation seeking for screening and large scale surveys. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003;72:279–286
  27. Arillo-Santillán E, Thrasher JF, Rodríguez-Bolaños R, Chávez-Ayala R, Silvia R-V, Lazcano-Ponce E. Susceptibility to tobacco use in nonsmoking students from 10 Mexican cities: need for a culture against the social acceptability of tobacco. (In Spanish) Salud Pública de México. 2007;49(1S):
  28. Comstock G. Television and the American child. San Diego: Academic Press; 1991;
  29. Roberts DF, Foehr UG. Kids and media in America. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2004;
  30. Verduzco M, Lara-Cantú M, Acevedo M, Cortés J. Validation of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory for Mexican children (in Spanish). Revista Intercontinental de Psicología y Educación. 1994;7:55–64
  31. Bollen KA. Structural equations with latent variables. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1989;
  32. Bentler PM. Comparative fit indices in structural modeling. Psychol Bull. 1990;107:588–606
  33. Hu L-t, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling. 1999;6:1–55
  34. Gunther AC, Bolt D, Borzekowski DLG, Liebhart JL, Dillard JP. Presumed influence on peer norms: how mass media indirectly affect adolescent smoking. J Commun. 2006;56:52–68
  35. Wills TA, Sargent JD, Stoolmiller M, Gibbons FX, Worth KA, Dal Cin S. Movie exposure to smoking cues and adolescents smoking onset: a test for mediation through peer affiliations. Health Psychol. 2007;26:769–776
  36. Jackson C, Brown JD, Pardun C. A TV in the bedroom: implications for viewing habits and risk behaviors during early adolescence. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media. In press.
  37. Glantz SA. Smoke Free Movies. http://www.smokefreemovies.ucsf.edu

 The full text of this article is available via AJPM Online at www.ajpm.online.net; 1 unit of Category-1 CME credit is also available, with details on the website.

PII: S0749-3797(08)00413-3

doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.036

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 35, Issue 2 , Pages 95-102 , August 2008