American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 35, Issue 3, Supplement , Pages S294-S303 , September 2008

Parenting and the Young Driver Problem

  • Bruce G. Simons-Morton, EdD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Prevention Research Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint requests to: Bruce G. Simons-Morton, EdD, MPH, Prevention Research Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Boulevard, 7B05, Bethesda MD 20892-7510.
    • ,
  • Marie Claude Ouimet, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Prevention Research Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
    • ,
  • Richard F. Catalano, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

References 

  1. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic safety facts 2005: a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System. Report No. DOT HS 809 631 Washington DC: U.S. Department of Transportation; 2005;www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/TSF2005.PDF
  2. Ferguson SA, Leaf WA, Williams AF, Preusser DF. Differences in young driver crash involvement in states with varying licensure practices. Accid Anal Prev. 1996;28:171–180
  3. Mayhew DR, Simpson HM, Pak A. Changes in collision rates among novice drivers during the first months of driving. Accid Anal Prev. 2003;35:683–691
  4. Williams AF. Teenage drivers: patterns of risk. J Safety Res. 2003;34:5–15
  5. Simons-Morton BG, Hartos JL. How well do parents manage young driver crash risks?. J Safety Res. 2003;34:91–97
  6. Simons-Morton BG, Ouimet MC. Parent involvement in novice teen driving: a review of the literature. Inj Prev. 2006;12(Suppl 1):i30–i37
  7. Bronfrenbrenner U. Toward an experimental ecology of human development. Am Psychol. 1977;32:513–531
  8. Catalano RF, Hawkins JD. The social development model: a theory of antisocial behavior. In:  Hawkins JD editors. Delinquency and crime: current theories. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1996;p. 149–197
  9. Hawkins JD, Catalano RF, Miller JY. Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychol Bull. 1992;112:64–105
  10. Kerr M, Stattin H. What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring. Dev Psychol. 2000;36:366–380
  11. Darling N, Steinberg L. Parenting style as context: an integrative model. Psychol Bull. 1993;113:487–496
  12. Baumrind D. Parental disciplinary patterns and social competence in children. Youth Soc. 1978;9:239–276
  13. Baumrind D. The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. J Early Adolesc. 1991;11:56–95
  14. Maccoby EE, Martin JA. Socialization in the context of the family: parent–child interaction. In:  Mussen PH,  Hetherington EM editor. Handbook of child psychology: socialization, personality and social development. New York: Wiley; 1983;p. 1–101
  15. Peterson PL, Hawkins JD, Abbott RD, Catalano RF. Disentangling the effects of parental drinking, family management, and parental alcohol norms on current drinking by black and white adolescents. J Res Adolesc. 1994;4:203–227
  16. Simons-Morton BG. Social influences on adolescent substance use. Am J Health Behav. 2007;31:672–684
  17. Simons-Morton BG, Chen R. Peer and parent influences on school engagement among early adolescents. Youth Soc. In press.
  18. Simons-Morton BG, Hartos JL. Application of the authoritative parenting model to adolescent health behavior. In:  DiClemente R,  Kegler M editor. Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2002;p. 100–125
  19. Patterson GR, Reid JB, Dishion TJ. Antisocial boys: a social interactional approach. Eugene OR: Castalia; 1992;
  20. Williams AF, Leaf WA, Simons-Morton BG, Hartos JL. Parents' views of teen driving risks, the role of parents, and how they plan to manage the risks. J Safety Res. 2006;37:221–226
  21. Arnett JJ. Adolescence and emerging adulthood: a cultural approach. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River NJ: Prentice Hall; 2007;
  22. Waller PF. The genesis of GDL. J Safety Res. 2003;34:17–23
  23. Best AL. Freedom, constraint, and family responsibility: teens and parents collaboratively negotiate around the car, class, gender, and culture. J Fam Issues. 2006;27:55–84
  24. Catalano RF, Oxford ML, Harachi TW, Abbott RD, Haggerty KP. A test of the social development model to predict problem behaviour during the elementary school period. Criminal Behav Ment Health. 1999;9:39–56
  25. Bianchi A, Summala H. The “genetics” of driving behavior: parents' driving style predicts their children's driving style. Accid Anal Prev. 2004;36:655–659
  26. Ferguson SA, Williams AF, Chapline JF, Reinfurt DW, De Leonardis DM. Relationship of parent driving records to the driving records of their children. Accid Anal Prev. 2001;33:229–234
  27. Hagger R, Dax EC. The driving records of multiproblem families. Soc Sci Med. 1977;11:121–127
  28. Lau RR, Quadrel MJ, Hartman KA. Development and change of young adults' preventive health beliefs and behavior: influence from parents and peers. J Health Soc Behav. 1990;31:240–259
  29. Maron DJ, Telch MJ, Killen JD, Vranizan KM, Saylor KE, Robinson TN. Correlates of seat-belt use by adolescents: implications for health promotion. Prev Med. 1986;15:614–623
  30. Wilson RJ, Meckle W, Wiggins S, Cooper PJ. Young driver risk in relation to parents' retrospective driving record. J Safety Res. 2006;37:325–332
  31. Shope JT, Waller PF, Raghunathan TE, Patil SM. Adolescent antecedents of high-risk driving behavior into young adulthood: substance use and parental influences. Accid Anal Prev. 2001;33:649–658
  32. Baker SP, Chen L, Li G. Nationwide review of graduated driver licensing. Washington DC: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety; 2007;
  33. McKnight AJ, Peck RC. Graduated driver licensing: what works?. Inj Prev. 2002;8(Suppl 2):ii32–ii36
  34. Williams AF, Ferguson SA. Rationale for graduated licensing and the risks it should address. Inj Prev. 2002;8(Suppl 2):ii9–ii16
  35. Mayhew DR, Simpson HM, Ferguson SA, Williams AF. Graduated licensing in Ontario: a survey of parents. J Traffic Med. 1999;27:71–80
  36. Williams AF, Nelson LA, Leaf WA. Responses of teenagers and their parents to California's graduated licensing system. Accid Anal Prev. 2002;34:835–842
  37. Ferguson SA, Williams AF. Parents' views of driver licensing practices in the United States. J Safety Res. 1996;27:73–81
  38. Langley JD, Wagenaar AC, Begg DJ. An evaluation of the New Zealand graduated driver licensing system. Accid Anal Prev. 1996;28:139–146
  39. Shope JT, Molnar LJ. Graduated driver licensing in the United States: evaluation results from the early programs. J Safety Res. 2003;34:63–69
  40. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Licensing systems for young drivers. Arlington VA: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety; 2006;
  41. Mayhew DR, Simpson HM. The safety value of driver education and training. Inj Prev. 2002;8(Suppl 2):ii3–ii7
  42. Hall J, West R. Role of formal instruction and informal practice in learning to drive. Ergonomics. 1996;39:693–706
  43. Mayhew DR, Simpson HM. The role of driving experience. Ottawa: Traffic Injury Research Foundation; 1995;
  44. Mourant RR, Rockwell TH. Strategies of visual search by novice and experimental drivers. Hum Factors. 1972;14:325–335
  45. Smiley A, Reid L, Fraser M. Changes in driver steering control with learning. Hum Factors. 1980;22:401–415
  46. Forsyth E. Cohort study of learner and novice drivers (Part 2: attitudes, opinions and the development of driving skills in the first 2 years). Crowthorne UK: Transport Research Laboratory; 1992;Report No.: RR 372
  47. Lee SE, Olsen ECB, Simons-Morton BG. Eyeglance behavior of novice teen and experienced adult drivers. Transportation Research Record. 2006;1980:57–64
  48. Hirsch P, Maag U, Laberge-Nadeau C. The role of driver education in the licensing process in Quebec. Traffic Inj Prev. 2006;7:130–142
  49. Goodwin AH, Waller MW, Foss RD, Margolis LH. Parental supervision of teen drivers in a graduated licensing system. Traffic Inj Prev. 2006;7:224–231
  50. Waller PF, Olk ML, Shope JT. Parental views of and experience with Michigan's Graduated Licensing Program. J Safety Res. 2000;31:9–15
  51. Cambridge S. The experience of learning to drive in New Zealand: a survey of novice drivers and their parents. Melbourne, Australia: Proceedings of the Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference; 2001;
  52. Ivers RQ, Stevenson M, Norton R, Woodward M. Supervised driving experience in learner drivers—the drive study. Melbourne, Australia: Proceedings of the 20th World Congress of the International Traffic Medicine Association; 2006;
  53. McCartt AT, Shabanova VI, Leaf WA. Driving experience, crashes, and traffic citations of teenage beginning drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 2003;35:311–320
  54. Page Y, Ouimet MC, Cuny S. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the supervised driver-training system in France. In: 48th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Sept 13–15, 2004, Key Biscayne, Florida. Barrington IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; 2004;p. 131–145
  55. Gregersen NP, Berg HY, Engstrom I, Nolen S, Nyberg A, Rimmo PA. Sixteen years age limit for learner drivers in Sweden: an evaluation of safety effects. Accid Anal Prev. 2000;32:25–35
  56. Sagberg F, Gregersen NP. Effects of lowering the age limit for driver training. In:  Underwood G editors. Traffic and transport psychology: theory and application. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science; 2005;p. 171–178
  57. Beck KH, Shattuck T, Raleigh R, Hartos J. Does graduated licensing empower parents to place greater restrictions on their newly licensed teens' driving?. Health Educ Behav. 2003;30:695–708
  58. Groeger JA. Understanding driving: applying cognitive psychology to a complex everyday task. Hove UK: Psychology Press; 2000;
  59. Gregersen NP, Nyberg A, Berg HY. Accident involvement among learner drivers: an analysis of the consequences of supervised practice. Accid Anal Prev. 2003;35:725–730
  60. Williams AF, Ferguson SA. Driver education renaissance?. Inj Prev. 2004;10:4–7
  61. McCartt AT, Mayhew DR, Ferguson SA. Effects of age and experience on young driver crashes: review of recent literature. Arlington VA: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety; 2007;
  62. Page Y. A statistical model to compare road mortality in OECD countries. Accid Anal Prev. 2001;33:371–385
  63. Giedd JN. Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1021:77–85
  64. Lerner RM, Galambos NL. Adolescent development: challenges and opportunities for research, programs, and policies. Annu Rev Psychol. 1998;49:413–446
  65. McCartt AT, Hellinga LA, Haire ER. Age of licensure and monitoring teenagers' driving: survey of parents of novice teenage drivers. J Safety Res. 2007;38:697–706
  66. Hartos JL, Eitel P, Simons-Morton BG. Do parent-imposed delayed licensure and restricted driving reduce risky driving behaviors among newly licensed teens?. Prev Sci. 2001;2:113–122
  67. Preusser DF, Ferguson SA, Williams AF, Leaf WA, Farmer CM. Teenage driver licensure rates in four states. J Safety Res. 1998;29:97–105
  68. Ulmer RG, Williams AF, Preusser DF. Crash involvements of 16-year-old drivers. J Safety Res. 1997;28:97–103
  69. Simons-Morton B, Lerner N, Singer J. The observed effects of teenage passengers on the risky driving behavior of teenage drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 2005;37:973–982
  70. Chen L, Baker SP, Braver ER, Li G. Carrying passengers as a risk factor for crashes fatal to 16- and 17-year-old drivers. JAMA. 2000;283:1578–1582
  71. Olsen ECB, Lee SE, Simons-Morton BG. Eye movement patterns for novice teen drivers: does six months of driving experience make a difference?. Transportation Research Record. 2007;2009:8–14
  72. Hartos JL, Eitel P, Simons-Morton BG. Parenting practices and adolescent risky driving: a three-month prospective study. Health Educ Behav. 2002;29:194–206
  73. Simons-Morton BG, Hartos JL, Leaf WA, Preusser DF. Do recommended driving limits affect teen-reported traffic violations and crashes during the first 12 months of independent driving?. Traffic Inj Prev. 2006;7:238–247
  74. Simons-Morton BG, Hartos JL, Leaf WA, Preusser DF. The effect on teen driving outcomes of the Checkpoints Program in a statewide trial. Accid Anal Prev. 2006;38:907–912
  75. Goodwin AH, Foss RD. Graduated driver licensing restrictions: awareness, compliance, and enforcement in North Carolina. J Safety Res. 2004;35:367–374
  76. Steenbergen LC, Kidd PS, Pollack S, McCoy C, Pigman JG, Agent KR. Kentucky's graduated driver licensing program for young drivers: barriers to effective local implementation. Inj Prev. 2001;7:286–291
  77. Hartos JL, Simons-Morton BG, Beck KH, Leaf WA. Parent-imposed limits on high-risk adolescent driving: are they stricter with graduated driver licensing?. Accid Anal Prev. 2005;37:557–562
  78. Hartos JL, Eitel P, Haynie DL, Simons-Morton BG. Can I take the car? (Relations among parenting practices and adolescent problem-driving practices). J Adolesc Res. 2000;15:352–367
  79. Beck KH, Hartos JL, Simons-Morton BG. Parent-teen disagreement of parent-imposed restrictions on teen driving after one month of licensure: is discordance related to risky teen driving?. Prev Sci. 2005;26:1–9
  80. Haggerty KP, Fleming CB, Catalano RF, Harachi TW, Abbott RD. Raising healthy children: examining the impact of promoting healthy driving behavior within a social development intervention. Prev Sci. 2006;7:257–267
  81. Hartos JL, Shattuck T, Simons-Morton BG, Beck KH. An in-depth look at parent-imposed driving rules: their strengths and weaknesses. J Safety Res. 2004;35:547–555
  82. McGehee DV, Raby M, Carney C, Lee JD, Reyes ML. Extending parental mentoring using an event-triggered video intervention in rural teen drivers. J Safety Res. 2007;38:215–227
  83. Williams AF, Leaf WA, Simons-Morton BG, Hartos JL. Vehicles driven by teenagers in their first year of licensure. Traffic Inj Prev. 2006;7:23–30
  84. Cammisa MX, Williams AF, Leaf WA. Vehicles driven by teenagers in four states. J Safety Res. 1999;30:25–30
  85. Williams AF, Preusser DF, Lund AK, Rasmussen SJ. Cars owned and driven by teenagers. Transport Q. 1987;41:177–188
  86. Rivara FP, Rivara MB, Bartol K. Dad, may I have the keys? (Factors influencing which vehicles teenagers drive). Pediatrics. 1998;102:e57
  87. Chaudhary N, Ferguson SA, Herbel S. Tennessee's Novice Driver Safety Project: a program to increase parental involvement. Traffic Inj Prev. 2004;5:356–361
  88. Simons-Morton BG, Hartos JL, Leaf WA, Preusser DF. Persistence of effects of the Checkpoints Program on parental restrictions of teen driving privileges. Am J Public Health. 2005;95:447–452
  89. Simons-Morton BG, Hartos JL, Beck KH. Increased parent limits on teen driving: positive effects from a brief intervention administered at the motor vehicle administration. Prev Sci. 2004;5:101–111
  90. Simons-Morton BG, Hartos JL, Beck KH. Persistence of effects of a brief intervention on parental restrictions of teen driving privileges. Inj Prev. 2003;9:142–146
  91. Rogers RW, Prentice-Dunn S. Protection motivation theory. In:  Gochman D editors. Handbook of health behavior research (Vol. 1. Determinants of health behavior: personal and social). New York: Plenum; 1997;p. 113–132
  92. Simons-Morton BG, Hartos JL, Leaf WA, Preusser DF. Increasing parent limits on novice young drivers: cognitive mediation of the effect of persuasive messages. J Adolesc Res. 2006;21:83–105
  93. Kazdin AE. Behavior modification in applied settings. 6th ed.. Belmont CA: Wadsworth; 2001;

PII: S0749-3797(08)00523-0

doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.018

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 35, Issue 3, Supplement , Pages S294-S303 , September 2008

Article Tools