American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 37, Issue 1 , Pages 17-23 , July 2009

Contrasting Robbery- and Non–Robbery-Related Workplace Homicide: North Carolina, 1994–2003

  • Kelly K. Gurka, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint requests to: Kelly K. Gurka, PhD, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800717, Charlottesville VA 22908-0717
    • ,
  • Stephen W. Marshall, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
    • Department of Orthopedics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
    • Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
    • ,
  • Carol W. Runyan, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
    • Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
    • Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
    • ,
  • Dana P. Loomis, PhD

      Affiliations

    • School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada
    • ,
  • Carri Casteel, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
    • Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
    • ,
  • David B. Richardson, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

References 

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  5. Peek-Asa C, Runyan CW, Zwerling C. The role of surveillance and evaluation research in the reduction of violence against workers. Am J Prev Med. 2001;20:141–148
  6. Model injury and illness prevention program for workplace security. San Francisco: California Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Occupational Safety and Health, Consultation Division; 1995;
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  8. Peek-Asa C, Howard J, Vargas L, Kraus JF. Incidence of non-fatal workplace assault injuries determined from employer's reports in California. J Occup Environ Med. 1997;39:44–50
  9. Peek-Asa C, Casteel C, Mineschian L, Erickson RJ, Kraus JF. Compliance to a Workplace Violence Prevention Program in small businesses. Am J Prev Med. 2004;26:276–283
  10. Casteel C, Peek-Asa C. Effectiveness of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) in reducing robberies. Am J Prev Med. 2000;18(4S):99–115
  11. Casteel C, Peek-Asa C, Howard J, Kraus JF. Effectiveness of crime prevention through environmental design in reducing criminal activity in liquor stores: a pilot study. J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46:450–458
  12. Amandus HE, Hendricks SA, Zahm D, et al. Convenience store robberies in selected metropolitan areas (Risk factors for employee injury). J Occup Environ Med. 1997;39:442–447
  13. Amandus HE, Hunter RD, James E, Hendricks SA. Reevaluation of the effectiveness of environmental designs to reduce robbery risk in Florida convenience stores. J Occup Environ Med. 1995;37:711–717
  14. Hendricks SA, Jenkins EL, Anderson KR. Trends in workplace homicides in the U.S., 1993–2002: a decade of decline. Am J Ind Med. 2007;50:316–325
  15. Hendricks SA, Landsittel DP, Amandus HE, Malcan J, Bell J. A matched case-control study of convenience store robbery risk factors. J Occup Environ Med. 1999;41:995–1004
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  17. USDHHS, CDC, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Fatal injuries to civilian workers in the U.S., 1980–1995. Cincinnati OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; 2001;DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 98-134.
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  19. Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget. Standard industrial classification manual, 1987. Washington DC: Office of Management and Budget; 1987;
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  21. Agresti A, Wackerly D, Boyett JM. Exact conditional tests for cross-classifications—approximation of attained significance levels. Psychometrika. 1979;44:75–83
  22. Loomis D, Marshall SW, Wolf SH, Runyan CW, Butts JD. Effectiveness of safety measures recommended for prevention of workplace homicide. JAMA. 2002;287:1011–1017
  23. Schaffer KB, Casteel C, Kraus JF. A case-site/control-site study of workplace violent injury. J Occup Environ Med. 2002;44:1018–1026
  24. USDHHS, CDC, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Workplace violence prevention strategies and research needs (A report from the conference Partnering in Workplace Violence Prevention: Translating Research to Practice). Cincinnati OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; 2006;DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2006-144.
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  27. Loomis D, Marshall SW, Ta ML. Employer policies toward guns and the risk of homicide in the workplace. Am J Public Health. 2005;95:830–832
  28. Stout N, Bell C. Effectiveness of source documents for identifying fatal occupational injuries: a synthesis of studies. Am J Public Health. 1991;81:725–728

PII: S0749-3797(09)00211-6

doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.03.013

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 37, Issue 1 , Pages 17-23 , July 2009

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