American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 14, Issue 4 , Pages 245-258 , May 1998

Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study

  • Vincent J Felitti MD, FACP

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Medicine, Southern California Permanente Medical Group (Kaiser Permanente), (Felitti) San Diego, California 92111, USA.
    • Corresponding Author InformationVincent J. Felitti, MD, Kaiser Permanente, Department of Preventive Medicine, 7060 Clairemont Mesa Boulevard, San Diego, California 92111.
    • ,
  • Robert F Anda MD, MS

      Affiliations

    • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (Anda, Williamson, Spitz, Edwards, Marks) Atlanta, Georgia 30333 USA.
    • ,
  • Dale Nordenberg MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School Medicine, (Nordenberg) Atlanta, Georgia 30333 USA.
    • ,
  • David F Williamson MS, PhD

      Affiliations

    • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (Anda, Williamson, Spitz, Edwards, Marks) Atlanta, Georgia 30333 USA.
    • ,
  • Alison M Spitz MS, MPH

      Affiliations

    • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (Anda, Williamson, Spitz, Edwards, Marks) Atlanta, Georgia 30333 USA.
    • ,
  • Valerie Edwards BA

      Affiliations

    • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (Anda, Williamson, Spitz, Edwards, Marks) Atlanta, Georgia 30333 USA.
    • ,
  • Mary P Koss PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, (Koss) Tucson, Arizona 85727 USA.
    • ,
  • James S Marks MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (Anda, Williamson, Spitz, Edwards, Marks) Atlanta, Georgia 30333 USA.

  • Image Result

    ACE Study design. ∗After exclusions, 59.7% of the original wave I sample (8,056/13,494) were included in this analysis.

    ACE Study design. ∗After exclusions, 59.7% of the original wave I sample (8,056/13,494) were included in this analysis.

  • Image Result

    Potential influences throughout the lifespan of adverse childhood experiences.

    Potential influences throughout the lifespan of adverse childhood experiences.

PII: S0749-3797(98)00017-8

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume 14, Issue 4 , Pages 245-258 , May 1998

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