Obesogenic Neighborhood Environments, Child and Parent Obesity
The Neighborhood Impact on Kids Study
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Figure 1
Child overweight and obesity by neighborhood type
Note: n=189 for low PAE/low NE, n=168 for low PAE/high NE, n=179 for high PAE/low NE, n=194 for high PAE/high NE.
NE, nutrition environment; PAE physical activity environment
Figure 2
Parent overweight and obesity by neighborhood type
Note: n=188 for low PAE/low NE, n=168 for low PAE/high NE, n=178 for high PAE/low NE, n=194 for high PAE/high NE.
NE, nutrition environment; PAE, physical activity environment
Background
Identifying neighborhood environment attributes related to childhood obesity can inform environmental changes for obesity prevention.
Purpose
To evaluate child and parent weight status across neighborhoods in King County (Seattle metropolitan area) and San Diego County differing in GIS-defined physical activity environment (PAE) and nutrition environment (NE) characteristics.
Methods
Neighborhoods were selected to represent high (favorable) versus low (unfavorable) on the two measures, forming four neighborhood types (low on both measures, low PAE/high NE, high PAE/low NE, and high on both measures). Weight and height of children aged 6–11 years and one parent (n=730) from selected neighborhoods were assessed in 2007–2009. Differences in child and parent overweight and obesity by neighborhood type were examined, adjusting for neighborhood-, family-, and individual-level demographics.
Results
Children from neighborhoods high on both environment measures were less likely to be obese (7.7% vs 15.9%, OR=0.44, p=0.02) and marginally less likely to be overweight (23.7% vs 31.7%, OR=0.67, p=0.08) than children from neighborhoods low on both measures. In models adjusted for parent weight status and demographic factors, neighborhood environment type remained related to child obesity (high vs low on both measures, OR=0.41, p<0.03). Parents in neighborhoods high on both measures (versus low on both) were marginally less likely to be obese (20.1% vs 27.7%, OR=0.66, p=0.08), although parent overweight did not differ by neighborhood environment. The lower odds of parent obesity in neighborhoods with environments supportive of physical activity and healthy eating remained in models adjusted for demographics (high vs low on the environment measures, OR=0.57, p=0.053).
Conclusions
Findings support the proposed GIS-based definitions of obesogenic neighborhoods for children and parents that consider both physical activity and nutrition environment features.
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James Sallis was employed at San Diego State University when this research was completed.
