Introduction
Muscle strength may play a role in cardiometabolic disease. We examined the relationship
between hand grip strength and diabetes and hypertension in a sample of healthy weight
adults.
Methods
In 2015, we analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012
for adults aged ≥20 years with healthy BMIs (between 18.5 and <25) and no history
of cardiovascular disease (unweighted n=1,467; weighted n=61,587,139). Hand grip strength was assessed with a dynamometer. Diabetes was based
on hemoglobin A1c level and reported diabetes diagnosis. Hypertension was based on
measured blood pressure and reported hypertension diagnosis.
Results
Individuals with undiagnosed diabetes compared with individuals without diabetes had
lower grip strength (51.9 vs 69.8, p=0.0001), as did individuals with diagnosed diabetes compared with individuals without
diabetes (61.7 vs 69.8, p=0.008). Mean grip strength was lower among individuals with undiagnosed hypertension
compared with individuals without hypertension (63.5 vs 71.5, p=0.008) as well as among individuals with diagnosed hypertension compared with those
without hypertension (60.8 vs 71.5, p<0.0001). In adjusted analyses controlling for age, sex, race, smoking status, and
first-degree relative with disease, mean grip strength was lower for undiagnosed diabetes
(β=–10.02, p<0.0001) and diagnosed diabetes (β=–8.21, p=0.03) compared with individuals without diabetes. In adjusted analyses, grip strength
was lower among individuals with undiagnosed hypertension (β=–6.6, p=0.004) and diagnosed hypertension (β=–4.27, p=0.04) compared with individuals without hypertension.
Conclusions
Among healthy weight adults, combined grip strength is lower in individuals with diagnosed
and undiagnosed diabetes and hypertension.
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Published online: July 29, 2015
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© 2015 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
