INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality
for women in the U.S. and worldwide.
1
Overall, 1 in 3 women die from CVD, and 45% of women aged >20 years have some form
of CVD.
1
Awareness of risk factors is critical in reducing cardiovascular risk in women.
2
Women's awareness that heart disease is a leading cause of death among women has
declined from 64.8% in 2009 to 43.7% in 2019, and of further concern, this decline
was greatest among women aged 25–34 years and in those with CVD risk factors.
3
Among CVD risk factors, smoking was the second leading cause of disability-adjusted
life years lost in the U.S. in 2016.
4
Data are lacking regarding the effect of smoking on premature atherosclerotic CVDs
(ASCVDs), especially among women who are often thought to be at elevated risk of ASCVD
only at later stages in life. Among adults in the U.S., men are more likely to be
current smokers than women (15.3% vs 12.7%).
5
Among low-risk lifestyle-related factors, not smoking is one of the major factors
to prolong life expectancy at age 50 years for both women and men.
6
Therefore, the authors evaluated the association of smoking with the risk of ASCVD
in young women and men. This study was approved by the Kaiser Permanente IRB.To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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REFERENCES
- Heart disease and stroke statistics-2019 update: a report from the American Heart Association [published correction appears in Circulation. 2020;141(2):e33].Circulation. 2019; 139: e56-e528https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000659
- Summary of updated recommendations for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 75: 2602-2618https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.060
- Ten-year differences in women's awareness related to coronary heart disease: results of the 2019 American Heart Association National Survey: a special report from the American Heart Association.Circulation. 2021; 143: e239-e248https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000907
- Heart disease and stroke statistics-2020 update: a report from the American Heart Association.Circulation. 2020; 141: e139-e596https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757
- Current cigarette smoking among adults in the United States.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Updated December 10, 2020 (Accessed August 3, 2021)
- Impact of healthy lifestyle factors on life expectancies in the U.S. population [published correction appears in Circulation. 2018;138(4):e75].Circulation. 2018; 138: 345-355https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032047
- Cardiovascular risk and statin eligibility of young adults after an MI: partners YOUNG-MI Registry.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018; 71: 292-302https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.007
Article Info
Publication History
Published online: November 16, 2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
