Background
Interventions have been designed to reduce the prevalence of smoking in college/university
students. This review presents a summary and synthesis of the interventions published
in English from 1980 to the present.
Methods
Seven databases were searched for relevant published articles, and reference lists
were examined for additional published studies. The studies were categorized as (1)
individual approaches, such as on-campus cessation programs, and (2) institutional
approaches, such as smoke-free policies. The studies were categorized by type of institution
and geographic location, study design, sample demographics, and outcomes.
Results
Fourteen studies were identified; only five received a “satisfactory” rating based
on evaluation criteria. Most studies were based on convenience samples, and were conducted
in 4-year institutions. Seven studies used comparison groups, and three were multi-institutional.
Individual approaches included educational group sessions and/or individual counseling
that were conducted on campus mostly by healthcare personnel. None used nicotine replacement
or other medications for cessation. The quit rates for both smokeless tobacco and
cigarette users varied, depending on definitions and duration of follow-up contact.
Institutional interventions focused mainly on campus smoking restrictions, smoke-free
policies, antitobacco messages, and cigarette pricing. Results indicated that interventions
can have a positive influence on student behavior, specifically by reducing tobacco
use (i.e., prevalence of cigarette smoking and use of smokeless products, amount smoked)
among college students, and increasing acceptability of smoking policies and campus
restrictions among both tobacco users and nonusers.
Conclusions
While some promising results have been noted, rigorous evaluations of a wider range
of programs are needed, along with studies that address cultural and ethnic diversity
on campuses.
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© 2005 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
