Background
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Introduction: making the public health case for reforming zoning policy
U.S. Department of Transportation. Journey-to-work trends in the United States and its major metropolitan areas, 1960—–1990. Washington DC: National Transportation Library. Available at: http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/473.html. Accessed October 1, 2004.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health Interview Survey. Available at: www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hus/03tables.htm. Accessed April 29, 2004.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health E stats: prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults—United States, 1999–2000. Available at: www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/obese/obse99.htm#Table%201. Accessed April 29, 2004.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC media relations: obesity continues climb in 1999 among American adults. Available at: www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/pressrel/r2k1004a.htm. Accessed April 29, 2004.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Active living, obesity and nutrition interest area. Available at: www.rwjf.org/programs/physicalActivity.jsp. Accessed April 29, 2004.
Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. Active Community Environments Initiative. Available at: www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/aces.htm. Accessed April 29, 2004.
The built environment and physical activity connection
Inam A, Levin J, Werbel R. Developer-planner interaction in transportation and land-use sustainability. Mineta Transportation Institute Report, San Jose State University, MTI 01–21, June 2002. Available at: http://transweb.sjsu.edu/publications/developer_planner/DevPlan.htm. Accessed April 29, 2004.
Inam A, Levin J, Werbel R. Developer-planner interaction in transportation and land-use sustainability. Mineta Transportation Institute Report, San Jose State University, MTI 01–21, June 2002. Available at: http://transweb.sjsu.edu/publications/developer_planner/DevPlan.htm. Accessed April 29, 2004.
Zoning code reform that promotes active living environments
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Available at: www.rwjf.org. Accessed April 29, 2004.
Mary Black Foundation. Available at: www.maryblackfoundation.org. Accessed April 29, 2004.
Center for Advancement of Health. Working out the problem of insufficient exercise. Facts of Life: Issue Briefings for Health Reporters 2004;9(3). Available at: www.cfah.org/factsoflife/vol9no3.cfm. Accessed April 29, 2004.
Local Government Commission. Available at: www.lgc.org.
National Governor’s Association. Available at: www.nga.org.
International City/County Management Association. Available at www.icma.org.
Zoning’s legal foundations and public health ancestors



English common law
Public health, sanitary reform, and urbanization
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Achievements in public health 1900–1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999;48(50). Available at: www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm4850.pdf. Accessed April 29, 2004.
State police power: the public health grandfather of zoning
Legal genesis of the state police power
Expansion of the police power
Ambler Realty v. Village of Euclid—zoning separates from its public health roots
Zoning lineage
Dissecting the Euclid opinion
Public nuisance and public health rationale
Exclusive residential districts to protect the public welfare
A Euclidian postscript
The post Euclid world: zoning’s family of land-use controls and the development of environmental law
Zoning’s family of land-use controls
The environmental lineage of police power
Reconstructing zoning’s public health roots: the promise of smart growth, code reform, and active living
Smart growth: reconnecting land-use and environmental law
Smart Growth Online. A service of the smart growth network. Available at: www.smartgrowth.org. Accessed April 29, 2004.
Reforming zoning and land development codes through smart growth and active living
Louisville Metro Planning & Design Services Land Development Code. Available at: www.loukymetro.org/Department/PlanDesign/ldc.asp. Accessed July 9, 2004.
City of Petaluma, CA Community Development. Central Petaluma Specific Plan. Available at: http://cityofpetaluma.net/cdd/cpsp.html. Accessed July 9, 2004.
Nashville Metro Planning Department. Available at: www.nashvill.gov/mpc. Accessed July 9, 2004.
Conclusion: insights and ideas from active living’s legal genealogy
Zoning does have public health roots
Changes in public health priorities favor changes in law and policy
Elasticity of police power
Public health research in support of zoning code reform
Further exploration of zoning’s family of land-use controls and development policies
Strategies of zoning reform
References
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