Introduction
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to American Journal of Preventive MedicineReferences
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Census of fatal occupational injuries (CFOI)—current and revised data. www.bls.gov/iif/oshcfoi1.htm. Updated March 2, 2017. Accessed March 29, 2017.
U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 2015 Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted, 2015. U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Justice Information Services Division website. https://ucr.fbi.gov/leoka/2015. Accessed March 29, 2017.
National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund. Facts and Figures: Officer Fatality Report. www.nleomf.org/facts/research-bulletins/. Accessed November 14, 2017.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Hours-based fatal injury rates by industry, occupation, and selected demographic characteristics; 2015. www.bls.gov/iif/oshcfoi1.htm#rates. Updated March 2, 2017. Accessed March 29, 2017.
- 2015 Law enforcement officers killed and assaulted: officer criteria. 2015; (Accessed March 29, 2017)
- Understanding firearms assaults against law enforcement officers in the United States.Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, Washington, DC2016 (Accessed)
International Association of Chiefs of Police and United States of America. Reducing officer injuries final report: a summary of data findings and recommendations from a multi-agency injury tracking study. Center for Officer Safety and Wellness and the Bureau of Justice Assistance. www.theiacp.org/portals/0/pdfs/IACP_ROI_Final_Report.pdf. Published 2013. Accessed March 29, 2017.
- Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses among workers treated in hospital emergency departments—United States, 2003.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006; 55: 449-452
- Occupational Injury and Illness Classification Manual.U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC1992
CDC. Work-related injury statistics query system. wwwn.cdc.gov/wisards/workrisqs/techinfo.aspx. Updated April 10, 2017. Accessed June 9, 2017.
- Fatal occupational injuries among U.S. law enforcement officers: a comparison of national surveillance systems.Am J Ind Med. 2013; 56: 693-700https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22182
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Labor force statistics from the current population survey. www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm. Accessed March 29, 2017.
U.S. Census Bureau. Industry and occupation. www.census.gov/topics/employment/industry-occupation.html. Accessed November 14, 2017.
- Arrest-Related Deaths Program Assessment: Technical Report.RTI International, Washington, DC2015
Schmidt MS. FBI director speaks out on race and police bias. New York Times. February 12, 2015: A1.
- Pattern of law enforcement-related injuries in the United States.J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016; 80: 870-876https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000001000
- A profile of injuries sustained by law enforcement officers: a critical review.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017; 14: 142https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020142
- Assaults against U.S. law enforcement officer in the line-of-duty: situational context and predictors of lethality.Inj Epidemiol. 2016; 3: 29https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-016-0094-3
Richardson V. FBI report finds officers ‘de-policing’ as anti-cop hostility becomes ‘new norm’—The Assailant Study-Mindsets and Behaviors. The Washington Times. www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/may/4/fbi-report-officers-de-policing-anti-cop-hostility/. Published May 4, 2017. Accessed June 19, 2017
Morin R, Parker K, Stepler R. Mercer A. Behind the badge: amid protests and calls for reform, how police view their jobs, key issues and recent fatal encounters between blacks and police. Pew Research Center. http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2017/01/06171402/Police-Report_FINAL_web.pdf. Published January 2017. Accessed June 19, 2017.
- A theory of deference exchange in police civilian encounters.Am J Sociol. 1975; 81: 584-600https://doi.org/10.1086/226109
- Understanding Police Use of Force: Officers, Suspects, and Reciprocity.Cambridge University Press, New York, NY2004https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511499449
- The impact of conducted energy devices and other types of force and resistance on officer and suspect injuries.Policing. 2007; 30: 426-446https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510710778822
- De-policing and crime in the wake of Ferguson: racialized changes in the quantity and quality of policing among Missouri police departments.J Crim Justice. 2017; 50: 42-52https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.04.003
Morgan SL, Pally JA. Ferguson, Gray, and Davis: an analysis of recorded crime incidents and arrests in Baltimore City, March 2010 through December 2015. A report written from the 21st Century Cities Initiative at Johns Hopkins University. http://socweb.soc.jhu.edu/faculty/morgan/papers/MorganPally2016.pdf. Published 2016. Accessed June 21, 2017.
- A war on cops? The effects of Ferguson on the number of U.S. police officers murdered in the line of duty.Justice Q. 2017; 34: 739-758https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2016.1236205
- Policing and public health—strategies for Collaboration.JAMA. 2017; 317: 1525-1526https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.1854