Introduction
Older adults are a rapidly growing segment of the U.S. population. Mobility problems
that lead to further disability can be addressed through physical activity interventions.
Quality of life outcome results are reported from a large trial of physical activity
for sedentary older adults at risk for mobility disability.
Methods
Data were from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders study. This
multisite RCT compared physical activity to health education among 1,635 randomly
assigned sedentary older adults at risk for mobility disability in 2010–2011. Measures
included demographics; comorbidity; a timed 400-meter walk; the Short Physical Performance
Battery; and the Quality of Well-Being Scale (0–1.0 scale). Baseline and long-term
follow-up (2.6 years) health-related quality of life data were collected as a secondary
outcome. Multivariate linear regression modeling was used to examine covariates of
health-related quality of life over time in 2017.
Results
The sample had an overall mean Quality of Well-Being score of 0.613. Both groups declined
in quality of life over time, but assignment to the physical activity intervention
resulted in a slower decline in health-related quality of life scores (p=0.03). Intervention attendance was associated with higher health-related quality
of life for both groups. Baseline characteristics including younger age, fewer comorbid
conditions, non-white ethnicity, and faster 400-meter walk times were also associated
with higher health-related quality of life over time.
Conclusions
Declining mobility measured by physical performance is associated with lower quality
of life in sedentary older adults. Physical activity interventions can slow the decline
in quality of life, and targeting specific subgroups may enhance the effects of such
interventions.
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