Introduction
Mental health and substance use problems are associated with smoking relapse among
former smokers. Yet, little is known about the prevalence of mental health and substance
use among former smokers in the U.S. In addition, it is unknown whether the prevalence
of these conditions has changed over time as former U.S. smokers have grown to outnumber
current U.S. smokers. This study, which was conducted in 2018 and 2019, examined the
prevalence and trends over time in depression (2005–2016), marijuana use (2002–2016),
and alcohol use problems (2002–2016) among former U.S. smokers.
Methods
The National Survey on Drug Use and Health is an annual, nationally representative,
cross-sectional study. Data from U.S. individuals who were aged ≥18 years in 2002–2016
were included. Former smokers were defined as having smoked ≥100 lifetime cigarettes
and no past-year cigarettes.
Results
From 2005 to 2016, the prevalence of major depression increased from 4.88% to 6.04%
(AOR=1.01, 95% CI=1.00, 1.03, p=0.04). From 2002 to 2016, past-year marijuana use rose from 5.35% to 10.09% (AOR=1.08,
95% CI=1.07, 1.09, p<0.001) among former smokers. Past-month binge alcohol use also increased from 17.22%
to 22.33% (AOR=1.03, 95% CI=1.02, 1.04, p<0.001), although the prevalence of past-year alcohol abuse or dependence did not
change.
Conclusions
Depression and substance use, which are factors associated with increased risk for
cigarette use relapse, appear to be increasing over time among former U.S. smokers.
Increased awareness of these trends may be important for clinical and public health
efforts to direct attention to conditions potentially threatening sustained abstinence
among former smokers.
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: August 20, 2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
