Introduction
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program is the largest U.S. federally funded
nutrition assistance program, providing food assistance to more than 40 million low-income
Americans, half of whom are children. This paper examines trends in sugar-sweetened
beverage consumption among U.S. children and adolescents by Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program participation status.
Methods
Dietary data from 15,645 participants (aged 2–19 years) were obtained from the 2003–2014
National Health and Nutrition Examination surveys. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance
Program participation was categorized as: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
participant, income-eligible nonparticipant, lower income–ineligible nonparticipant,
and higher income–ineligible nonparticipant. Survey-weighted logistic regressions
estimated predicted probabilities of daily sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, and
negative binomial regressions estimated predicted per capita daily consumption of
sugar-sweetened beverage calories. Data were analyzed in 2019.
Results
From 2003 to 2014, there were significant declines across all Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program participation categories for sugar-sweetened beverage consumption
(participants: 84.2% to 75.6%, p=0.009; income-eligible nonparticipants: 85.8% to 67.5%, p=0.004; lower income–ineligible nonparticipants: 84.3% to 70.6%, p=0.026; higher income–ineligible nonparticipants: 82.2% to 67.7%, p=0.001) and per capita daily sugar-sweetened beverage calories (participants: 267
to 182 kilocalories, p<0.001; income-eligible nonparticipants: 269 to 168 kilocalories, p<0.001; lower income–ineligible nonparticipants: 249 to 178 kilocalories, p=0.008; higher income–ineligible nonparticipants: 244 to 161 kilocalories, p<0.001). Per capita sports/energy drink consumption increased among Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program participants (2 to 15 kilocalories, p=0.007).
Conclusions
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption has declined for children and adolescents in
all Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation categories, but current
levels remain high. There were fewer favorable trends over time for consumption of
sugar-sweetened beverage subtypes among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
participants relative to other participant categories.
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: November 20, 2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
