Introduction
Evidence on the combined effect of fruit and vegetable intake and total fat intake
on hypertension is scarce. This study aimed to explore the relationship among fruit
and vegetable intake, fat intake, and hypertension risk among Chinese adults.
Methods
Individuals who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2004, 2006,
2009, and 2011) and were free of hypertension at baseline (n=4,368) were categorized into quartiles (Q1, lowest; Q4, highest) according to their
dietary fruit and vegetable intake and fat intake. Generalized estimation equation
models, adjusted for confounders, were used to explore the relationship of fat intake
with hypertension and systolic and diastolic blood pressure among all adults and within
quartiles of fruit and vegetable intake. Data analyses were performed in 2018.
Results
A total of 1,086 adults developed hypertension during follow-up. In the total population,
the OR of the highest quartile of fat intake was 1.40 (95% CI=1.12, 1.75) compared
with the lowest. Among individuals with low fruit and vegetable intake, the odds of
hypertension for those in Q3 (OR=1.97, 95% CI=1.37, 2.83) and Q4 (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.14,
2.90) of fat intake, compared with individuals in Q1, were even higher than for the
overall sample. For each 50-gram increase in FI per day, the ORs of hypertension increased
from fat intake Q1 to Q4 among all respondents and those with low fruit and vegetable
intake, but not among those with high fruit and vegetable intake. Systolic blood pressure
increased by 1.08 mm Hg (95% CI=0.03, 2.13) per 50-gram fat intake per day increment
in the fruit and vegetable intake Q1 group, whereas the association was not significant
in the fruit and vegetable intake Q2–Q4 groups.
Conclusions
Fruit and vegetable intake modifies the relationship between fat intake and hypertension,
whereby high fruit and vegetable intake may offset the detrimental effect of fat intake
on hypertension. Increased fruit and vegetable intake and controlled fat intake are
recommended to prevent hypertension in Chinese adults.
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: November 14, 2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
