Introduction
Gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increase the
risk for future adverse health outcomes in the pregnant woman and baby, and disparities
exist in the rates of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of
pregnancy by race/ethnicity. The objective of this study is to identify the differences
in gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy rates by
maternal place of birth within race/ethnicity groups.
Methods
In women aged 15–44 years at first live singleton birth in U.S. surveillance data
between 2014 and 2019, age-standardized rates of gestational diabetes mellitus and
hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the rate ratios of gestational diabetes mellitus
and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women born outside versus those born in
the U.S. were evaluated, stratified by race/ethnicity. Analyses were conducted in
2021.
Results
Of 8,574,264 included women, 6,827,198 were born in the U.S. (mean age=26.2 [SD 5.7]
years), and 1,747,066 were born outside the U.S. (mean age=28.2 [SD=5.8] years). Overall,
the gestational diabetes mellitus rate was higher in women born outside than in those
born in the U.S. (70.3, 95% CI=69.9, 70.7 vs 53.2, 95% CI=53.0, 53.4 per 1,000 live
births; rate ratio=1.32, 95% CI=1.31, 1.33), a pattern observed in most race/ethnic
groups. By contrast, the overall hypertensive disorders of pregnancy rate was lower
in those born outside than in those born in the U.S. (52.5, 95% CI=52.2, 52.9 vs 90.1,
95% CI=89.9, 90.3 per 1,000 live births; rate ratio=0.58, 95% CI=0.58, 0.59), a pattern
observed in most race/ethnic groups.
Conclusions
In the U.S., gestational diabetes mellitus rates were higher and hypertensive disorders
of pregnancy rates were lower in women born outside the U.S. than in those born in
the U.S. in most race/ethnicity groups.
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: December 08, 2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
