Introduction
This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence in the effects of video-observed
therapy versus that of directly observed therapy on medication adherence, treatment
completion, and tuberculosis resolution among patients with tuberculosis.
Methods
Potential studies were identified from MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHLdirect, and Cochrane
from inception to February 1, 2021. Inclusion criteria included (1) tuberculosis-infected
population, (2) video-observed therapy as an intervention, (3) directly observed therapy
as the comparison group, and (4) patient's medication adherence or clinical outcomes.
Data were collected in 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using Mantel–Haenszel
methods with RR for dichotomous outcomes (medication adherence, treatment completion,
and bacteriological resolution) and generic inverse variance methods with a weighted
mean difference for continuous outcomes (proportion of doses observed).
Results
A total of 9 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Compared
with patients receiving directly observed therapy, patients with video-observed therapy
were associated with improved medication adherence (RR=2.79, 95% CI=2.26, 3.45, I2=25%), the proportion of doses observed (weighted mean difference=0.22, 95% CI=0.06,
0.39, I2=96%), and bacteriological resolution (RR=1.06, 95% CI=1.01, 1.11, I2=0%) but with similar treatment completion (RR=1.33, 95% CI=0.73, 2.43, I2=98%).
Discussion
Implementation of video-observed therapy improved medication adherence and bacteriological
resolution compared with that of directly observed therapy in tuberculosis-infected
patients.
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to American Journal of Preventive MedicineAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
REFERENCES
- The global prevalence of latent tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eur Respir J. 2019; 541900655https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00655-2019
Tuberculosis. WHO. https://www.who.int/health-topics/tuberculosis#tab=tab_1. Updated June 14, 2020. Accessed September 19, 2020.
- Burden of non-adherence to latent tuberculosis infection drug therapy and the potential cost-effectiveness of adherence interventions in Canada: a simulation study.BMJ Open. 2017; 7e015108https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015108
- Clinical and economic impact of medication non-adherence in drug-susceptible tuberculosis: a systematic review.Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2020; 24: 811-819https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.19.0754
- Risk factors of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.J Infect. 2018; 77: 469-478https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2018.10.004
- Development of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis during multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010; 182: 426-432https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200911-1768OC
- Guidelines for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2020.MMWR Recomm Rep. 2020; 69: 1-11https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6901a1
- Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis.Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 63: e147-e195https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw376
- Incidence of serious side effects from first-line antituberculosis drugs among patients treated for active tuberculosis.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003; 167: 1472-1477https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200206-626OC
- Costs to health services and the patient of treating tuberculosis: a systematic literature review.Pharmacoeconomics. 2015; 33: 939-955https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-015-0279-6
- Directly observed therapy for tuberculosis: history of an idea.Lancet. 1995; 345 ([published correction appears in Lancet. 1995;346(8970):322]): 1545-1548https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91090-5
- WHO Guidelines for treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis and patient care (2017 update).WHO, Geneva, Switzerland2017https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255052/9789241550000-eng.pdf(Published)Date accessed: September 1, 2020
Tuberculosis. National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng33. Updated September 12, 2019. Accessed September 1, 2020.
- Directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; 5 (2015)CD003343https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003343.pub4
- Adherence interventions and outcomes of tuberculosis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials and observational studies.PLoS Med. 2018; 15e1002595https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002595
- Does directly observed therapy improve tuberculosis treatment? More evidence is needed to guide tuberculosis policy.BMC Infect Dis. 2016; 16: 537https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1862-y
- Patients’ costs and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment in DOTS and non-DOTS facilities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.PLoS One. 2010; 5: e14014https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014014
- Schraufnagel D. Video directly observed therapy for treatment of tuberculosis is patient-oriented and cost-effective.Eur Respir J. 2015; 46: 871-874https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00011015
- Home videophones improve direct observation in tuberculosis treatment: a mixed methods evaluation.PLoS One. 2012; 7: e50155https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050155
- The use of videophone for directly observed therapy for the treatment of tuberculosis.Can J Public Health. 2013; 104: e272https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.104.3869
- Synchronous and asynchronous video observed therapy (VOT) for tuberculosis treatment adherence monitoring and support.J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis. 2019; 17100098https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2019.100098
- Cost of tuberculosis therapy directly observed on video for health departments and patients in New York City; San Francisco, California; and Rhode Island (2017-2018).Am J Public Health. 2020; 110: 1696-1703https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305877
- Enhancing management of tuberculosis treatment with video directly observed therapy in New York City.Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2016; 20: 588-593https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.15.0738
- Smartphone-enabled video-observed versus directly observed treatment for tuberculosis: a multicentre, analyst-blinded, randomised, controlled superiority trial.Lancet. 2019; 393: 1216-1224https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32993-3
Directly observed therapy (DOT) for the treatment of tuberculosis. Minnesota Department of Health. https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/tb/lph/dot.html. Updated January 24, 2020. Accessed December 31, 2020.
- Advancing patient-centered care in tuberculosis management: a mixed-methods appraisal of video directly observed therapy.Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018; 5: ofy046https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy046
- Using video technology to increase treatment completion for patients with latent tuberculosis infection on 3-month isoniazid and rifapentine: an implementation study.J Med Internet Res. 2018; 20: e287https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9825
- Video-observed therapy and medication adherence for tuberculosis patients: randomised controlled trial in Moldova.Eur Respir J. 2020; 562000493https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00493-2020
- RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.BMJ. 2019; 366: l4898https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4898
- The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses.The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada2020http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp(Published)Date accessed: December 31, 2020
Quality assessment tool for before–after (pre–post) studies with no control group. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools. Updated July 1, 2020. Accessed December 31, 2020.
- Adherence to medication.N Engl J Med. 2005; 353: 487-497https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra050100
Winkler A, Teuscher AU, Mueller B, Diem P. Monotoring adherence to prescribed medication in type 2 diabetic patients treated with sulfonylureas. Swiss Med Wkly. 2002;132(27–28):379‒385. doi: https://doi.org/10.2002/27/smw-10036.
WHO. Definitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis −2013 revision (updated December 2014 and January 2020). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/79199/9789241505345_eng.pdf?. Published 2013. Accessed December 31, 2020.
- Challenges in meta-analyses with observational studies.Evid Based Ment Health. 2020; 23: 83-87https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmental-2019-300129
- Updates in the treatment of active and latent tuberculosis.Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2018; 39: 297-309https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660863
Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.1. Cochrane. https://training.cochrane.org/handbook. Updated September 2020. Accessed September 15, 2020.
- Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range.BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014; 14: 135https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-14-135
- A Comprehensive app that improves tuberculosis treatment management through video-observed therapy: usability study.JMIR MHealth UHealth. 2020; 8: e17658https://doi.org/10.2196/17658
- Tuberculosis treatment monitoring by video directly observed therapy in 5 health districts, California, USA.Emerg Infect Dis. 2018; 24: 1806-1815https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180459
- Telemedicine technologies and tuberculosis management: a randomized controlled trial.Telemed J E Health. 2020; 26: 1150-1156https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2019.0190
- Advantage in privacy protection by using synchronous video observed treatment enhances treatment adherence among patients with latent tuberculosis infection.J Infect Public Health. 2020; 13: 1354-1359https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.03.013
- Adoption of digital technologies in health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review of early scientific literature.J Med Internet Res. 2020; 22: e22280https://doi.org/10.2196/22280
Jamison DT, Feachem RG, Makgoba MW, et al. Tuberculosis: disease and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, second edition. Washington, DC: The World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/7050. Published 2006. Accessed December 31, 2020.
- The application of telemedicine technology to a directly observed therapy program for tuberculosis: a pilot project.Clin Infect Dis. 2001; 33: 2082-2084https://doi.org/10.1086/324506
- Videophone utilization as an alternative to directly observed therapy for tuberculosis.Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2010; 14: 779-781
Article Info
Publication History
Published online: December 13, 2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
