The causes of racial and ethnic disparities in cancer risk and outcomes in the U.S.
are complex and multifaceted and require an appreciation of the importance of understanding
and addressing social determinants of cancer in a health equity approach to disease
prevention and control in the U.S.
1
This commentary pertains to 1 specific contributor to racial and ethnic health disparities―the
link between obesity and cancer―which is a growing focus of oncology research and
clinical care.
2
Thirteen cancers are associated with overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2): adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, breast, colon and rectum, gallbladder, kidneys,
liver, meningioma, multiple myeloma, ovaries, pancreas, thyroid, upper stomach, and
uterus.
3
,4
- Research World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer
Continuous update project expert report – body fatness and weight gain and the risk
of cancer 2018.
World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research,
London, United Kingdom2021
https://www.wcrf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Body-fatness-and-weight-gain_0.pdf
Date accessed: February 15, 2022
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to American Journal of Preventive MedicineAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
REFERENCES
- Understanding and addressing social determinants to advance cancer health equity in the United States: a blueprint for practice, research, and policy.CA Cancer J Clin. 2020; 70: 31-46https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21586
- American Society of Clinical Oncology Obesity initiative: rationale, progress, and future directions.J Clin Oncol. 2016; 34: 4256-4260https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.67.4051
- Adiposity and cancer at major anatomical sites: umbrella review of the literature.BMJ. 2017; 356: j477https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j477
- Continuous update project expert report – body fatness and weight gain and the risk of cancer 2018.World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom2021https://www.wcrf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Body-fatness-and-weight-gain_0.pdfDate accessed: February 15, 2022
- Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity among adults aged 20 and over: United States, 1960–1962 through 2017–2018. 2020; https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity-adult-17-18/overweight-obesity-adults-H.pdfDate accessed: November 7, 2022
- Effect of body mass index on breast cancer during premenopausal and postmenopausal periods: a meta-analysis.PLoS One. 2012; 7: e51446https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051446
- Breast cancer statistics, 2015: convergence of incidence rates between black and white women.CA Cancer J Clin. 2016; 66: 31-42https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21320
- Obesity and survival among a cohort of breast cancer patients is partially mediated by tumor characteristics.NPJ Breast Cancer. 2019; 5: 33https://doi.org/10.1038/s41523-019-0128-4
- Risk factors for breast cancer subtypes among Black women undergoing screening mammography.Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2021; 189: 827-835https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-021-06340-2
- Body mass index and survival in women with breast cancer-systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 82 follow-up studies.Ann Oncol. 2014; 25: 1901-1914https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu042
- Association of obesity with breast cancer outcome in relation to cancer subtypes: a meta-analysis.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021; 113: 1465-1475https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djab023
- Obesity, comorbidities, and treatment selection in Black and White women with early breast cancer.Cancer. 2021; 127: 922-930https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.33288
- Body size and breast cancer prognosis in relation to hormone receptor and menopausal status: a meta-analysis.Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012; 134: 769-781https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-012-2073-x
- Excess body weight and second primary cancer risk after breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012; 135: 647-654https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-012-2187-1
- A pooled analysis of post-diagnosis lifestyle factors in association with late estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer prognosis.Int J Cancer. 2016; 138: 2088-2097https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29940
- Weight gain after breast cancer diagnosis and all-cause mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015; 107: djv275https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djv275
- Breast cancer statistics, 2017, racial disparity in mortality by state.CA Cancer J Clin. 2017; 67: 439-448https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21412
- Hypertension is an independent predictor of survival disparity between African-American and white breast cancer patients.Int J Cancer. 2009; 124: 1213-1219https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24054
- Comorbidity and survival disparities among black and white patients with breast cancer.JAMA. 2005; 294: 1765-1772https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.294.14.1765
- Diabetes and breast cancer mortality in Black women.Cancer Causes Control. 2017; 28: 61-67https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-016-0837-z
Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 05, 2023
Publication stage
In Press Journal Pre-ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2022 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
