Black/African American Health Disparities
Health Implications of Racism, Sexism, and Social Class: Reflections From Nearly 30 Years Ago
In 1993, when the article “Racism, Sexism and Social Class: Implications for Studies of Health, Disease and Well-Being” by Krieger et al.1 was originally published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine (AJPM), I was working on my PhD at the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health and making the case to often incredulous audiences that it was meaningful to examine the contextual impacts of neighborhood disadvantage on health even if individual-level socioeconomic data were available.Breaking Through and Backlash: Advancing Awareness About Racism, Sexism, Social Class, and the People's Health
Thirty years ago, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) held a truly pathbreaking 3-day symposium, by invitation only, that explicitly focused on racism, sexism, social class, and health.1 Titled “Preterm delivery among Black women: The symposium on psychosocial factors” (December 2–5, 1991), this meeting was organized by a visionary group of African American women researchers, led by Diane Rowley, who were based in the Pregnancy and Infant Health Branch in the Division of Reproductive Health in CDC's National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Table 1).A Decade of Nutrition and Health Disparities Research at NIH, 2010–2019
Nutrition health disparities include differences in incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of diet-related diseases and conditions. Often, race, ethnicity, and the social determinants of health are associated with dietary intake and related health disparities. This report describes the nutrition health disparities research supported by NIH over the past decade and offers future research opportunities relevant to NIH's mission as described in the Strategic Plan for NIH Nutrition Research.Nativity-Related Disparities in Preterm Birth and Cardiovascular Risk in a Multiracial U.S. Cohort
Having a preterm birth is associated with future cardiovascular risk. Non-Hispanic Black women have higher rates of preterm birth than non-Hispanic White and Hispanic women, but nativity-related disparities in preterm birth are not well understood.Racial Disparities in Child Exposure to Firearm Violence Before and During COVID-19
Childhood exposure to neighborhood firearm violence adversely affects mental and physical health across the life course. Study objectives were to (1) quantify racial disparities in these exposures across the U.S. and (2) assess changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, when firearm violence increased.The Interplay of Race/Ethnicity and Obesity on the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism
Factors predisposing asymptomatic individuals within the community to venous thromboembolism are not fully understood. This study characterizes the incidence and determinants of venous thromboembolism among the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort with a focus on race/ethnicity and obesity.Racial Inequities in Birth Weight by Maternal Age Among College-Educated Mothers: The Role of Early Disadvantage
Non-Hispanic Black infants experience disproportionately high risks of low birth weight compared with non-Hispanic White infants, particularly among mothers with high educational attainment and greater socioeconomic advantage. This study investigates how maternal early-life disadvantage contributes to ongoing racial birth weight inequities among U.S. college‒educated mothers, specifically declining birth weights with age among non-Hispanic Black mothers.
