Clinical Preventive Medicine
Influence of Preventive Medicine Residency Programs and Combined Master of Public Health Programs on Specialty Selection
To determine medical school characteristics that may result in graduates entering the specialty of public health and general preventive medicine (PH&GPM), the authors conducted an analysis comparing the presence of affiliated preventive medicine residency programs and combined Master of Public Health degree programs with the likelihood of graduates entering the specialty of PH&GPM.Type and Severity of Mental Illness and Participation in Colorectal Cancer Screening
The effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening programs depends on the participation rate. This study examined the association between type and severity of mental illness and colorectal cancer screening participation.Breast Cancer Risk and Screening Mammography Frequency Among Multiethnic Women
In 2009, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force updated recommended mammography screening frequency from annual to biennial for average-risk women aged 50–74 years. The association between estimated breast cancer risk and mammography screening frequency was evaluated.Equity as a Guiding Theme in Hospitals’ Community Health Needs Assessments
This study explores the relationship between nonprofit hospitals’ use of equity as a guiding theme in the development of their community health needs assessments and the level of alignment between the health needs identified in the community health needs assessment and those addressed in hospitals’ implementation strategy.Preventive Health Screening in Veterans Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Individuals with obesity are vulnerable to low rates of preventive health screening. Veterans with obesity seeking bariatric surgery are also hypothesized to have gaps in preventive health screening. Evaluation in a multidisciplinary bariatric surgery clinic is a point of interaction with the healthcare system that could facilitate improvements in screening.Adaptive Strategies for Outpatient Colonoscopies in Response to COVID-19
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a decline in outpatient colonoscopies that continues at varying levels.1 To prevent delay in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnoses, centers strategized to expand fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) and triage symptomatic and FIT-positive colonoscopies.2,3 Although much has been written about missed CRC diagnoses,4 few studies have examined the impact of adaptive strategies on CRC and advanced polyp (AP) detection rates.5 It was hypothesized that these strategies would increase detection rates compared with prepandemic levels owing to the targeting of high-risk patients.Cancer Evaluations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study Using National Veterans Affairs Data
Fewer cancer diagnoses have been made during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic-related delays in cancer diagnosis could occur from limited access to care or patient evaluation delays (e.g., delayed testing after abnormal results). Follow-up of abnormal test results warranting evaluation for cancer was examined before and during the pandemic.Family-Centered Care and Flourishing in Early Childhood
Flourishing reflects a child's ability to cope with stress and have positive relationships, which are critical to health and well-being. Pediatricians may increase flourishing in children through family-centered care, which is perceived as sensitive and responsive to specific child needs and family circumstances. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between family-centered care and flourishing in young children.Impact of a Virtual Reality Curriculum on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Pilot Trial
Although the strongest predictor of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a high-quality recommendation, physicians often provide weak recommendations. Thus, the authors developed Virtual Immersive Communication Training on Recommending Immunizations (VICTORI), a virtual reality (VR)‒based intervention that provided physicians the opportunity to deliberately practice recommendation behaviors. VICTORI included VR simulations during which participants counseled caregiver avatars hesitant to vaccinate.Mammography and Decision Aid Use for Breast Cancer Screening in Older Women
Decision aids for breast cancer screening are increasingly being used by physicians, but the association between physician practice decision-aid use and mammography rates remains uncertain. Using national data, this study examines the association between practice-level decision-aid use and mammography use among older women.Clinical Nudge Impact on Herpes Zoster Vaccine Series Completion in Pharmacies
A new recombinant herpes zoster vaccine has advanced efforts to prevent shingles, but its multidose regimen introduces potential barriers to full protection that must be managed by community pharmacies. To address this potential patient management challenge, a pharmacy records clinical support tool was implemented to assist pharmacy staff in managing herpes zoster vaccine dose completion.Stakeholders’ Acceptability of Pharmacist-Led Screening in Community Pharmacies: A Systematic Review
Community pharmacists are among the most accessible healthcare providers. Community pharmacist-led screening may facilitate the early detection of illnesses/medical risk factors, optimizing health outcomes. However, it is important to assess the acceptability of screening services to ensure uptake by key stakeholders. The aim of this review was to explore the acceptability of community pharmacist-led screening by all stakeholders (i.e., patients, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals) and identify the methods used to evaluate the acceptability of screening.Cancer Screening Test Use―U.S., 2019
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening to reduce mortality from these cancers, but screening use has been below national targets. The purpose of this study is to examine the proportion of screening-eligible adults who are up to date with these screenings and how screening use compares with Healthy People 2020 targets.An Evaluation of Annual Adherence to Lung Cancer Screening in a Large National Cohort
Lung cancer screening reduces mortality in large RCTs where adherence is high. Unfortunately, recently published adherence rates do not replicate those seen in trials. Previous publications support a centralized approach to ensure patient eligibility and improve adherence.Interventions for Reversing Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Several interventions have been found to be effective for reversing prediabetes in adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the effectiveness of such interventions.Effects of a Digital Diabetes Prevention Program: An RCT
In light of the need to expand the reach and access of clinically proven digital Diabetes Prevention Programs (d-DPPs) and the need for rigorous evidence of effectiveness, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a digital Diabetes Prevention Program for improving weight, HbA1c, and cardiovascular risk factors among people with prediabetes compared to enhanced standard care plus waitlist control.Trend in Blood Pressure Control Post Antihypertensive Drug Initiation in the U.S.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the temporal trends in systolic blood pressure control over 18 months after blood pressure‒lowering drug initiation in the U.S. population.Trends in the Impact of Medicaid Expansion on the Use of Clinical Preventive Services
This study aims to evaluate the trends in the impact of Medicaid expansion on the use of selected recommended clinical preventive services and examine the differences in use by income level over time.Cardiovascular Disease Preventive Services Among Smaller Primary Care Practices
Cardiovascular disease preventive services (aspirin use, blood pressure control, and smoking-cessation support) are crucial to controlling cardiovascular diseases. This study draws from 1,248 small-to-medium-sized primary care practices participating in the EvidenceNOW Initiative from 2015-2016 across 12 states to provide practice-level aspirin use, blood pressure control, and smoking-cessation support estimates; report the percentage of practices that meet Million Hearts targets; and identify the practice characteristics associated with better performance.Video Telehealth Access and Changes in HbA1c Among People With Diabetes
Video telehealth can offer people convenient, real-time access to clinicians without arranging transportation or time off work. Among people with diabetes, this study examines the association between video telehealth access and changes in HbA1c.Diagnoses and Treatment After Depression Screening in Primary Care Among Youth
Depression screening is universally recommended for adolescents presenting in primary care settings in the U.S. However, little is known about how depression screening affects the likelihood of being diagnosed with a mental disorder or accessing mental health care over time.Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention: Office-Based Primary Care Physicians, U.S., 2015–2016
In 2013, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force again recommended alcohol misuse screening and provision of brief behavioral counseling interventions to those engaged in risky drinking for all adults aged ≥18 years in primary care. This report presents national estimates of the provision of alcohol screening and brief intervention by U.S. primary care physicians, the screening methods, and the resources they identified as helpful in implementing alcohol/substance screening and intervention in primary care settings.Systematic Review of Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring With Support: Intervention Effectiveness and Cost
Self-measured blood pressure monitoring with support is an evidence-based intervention that helps patients control their blood pressure. This systematic economic review describes how certain intervention aspects contribute to effectiveness, intervention cost, and intervention cost per unit of the effectiveness of self-measured blood pressure monitoring with support.Community Health Centers’ Performance in Cancer Screening and Prevention
Little is known about what clinic-level factors differentiate community health centers that achieve high performance on cancer-preventive care metrics. This study aims to describe the longitudinal trends in the delivery of 3 cancer-preventive care metrics (cervical and colorectal cancer screenings and tobacco-cessation intervention) and define and compare community health centers with high cancer-preventive care performance with those with low cancer-preventive care performance.Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Screening in Latinos and Non-Hispanic Whites
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Latinos in the U.S., but it is unclear, from previous research, whether Latinos have differing rates of colorectal cancer screening methods from those of non-Hispanic Whites.
