Clinical Preventive Medicine
An Evaluation of Annual Adherence to Lung Cancer Screening in a Large National Cohort
Lung cancer screening reduces mortality in large RCTs where adherence is high. Unfortunately, recently published adherence rates do not replicate those seen in trials. Previous publications support a centralized approach to ensure patient eligibility and improve adherence.Interventions for Reversing Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Several interventions have been found to be effective for reversing prediabetes in adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the effectiveness of such interventions.Effects of a Digital Diabetes Prevention Program: An RCT
In light of the need to expand the reach and access of clinically proven digital Diabetes Prevention Programs (d-DPPs) and the need for rigorous evidence of effectiveness, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a digital Diabetes Prevention Program for improving weight, HbA1c, and cardiovascular risk factors among people with prediabetes compared to enhanced standard care plus waitlist control.Trend in Blood Pressure Control Post Antihypertensive Drug Initiation in the U.S.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the temporal trends in systolic blood pressure control over 18 months after blood pressure‒lowering drug initiation in the U.S. population.Trends in the Impact of Medicaid Expansion on the Use of Clinical Preventive Services
This study aims to evaluate the trends in the impact of Medicaid expansion on the use of selected recommended clinical preventive services and examine the differences in use by income level over time.Cardiovascular Disease Preventive Services Among Smaller Primary Care Practices
Cardiovascular disease preventive services (aspirin use, blood pressure control, and smoking-cessation support) are crucial to controlling cardiovascular diseases. This study draws from 1,248 small-to-medium-sized primary care practices participating in the EvidenceNOW Initiative from 2015-2016 across 12 states to provide practice-level aspirin use, blood pressure control, and smoking-cessation support estimates; report the percentage of practices that meet Million Hearts targets; and identify the practice characteristics associated with better performance.Video Telehealth Access and Changes in HbA1c Among People With Diabetes
Video telehealth can offer people convenient, real-time access to clinicians without arranging transportation or time off work. Among people with diabetes, this study examines the association between video telehealth access and changes in HbA1c.Diagnoses and Treatment After Depression Screening in Primary Care Among Youth
Depression screening is universally recommended for adolescents presenting in primary care settings in the U.S. However, little is known about how depression screening affects the likelihood of being diagnosed with a mental disorder or accessing mental health care over time.Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention: Office-Based Primary Care Physicians, U.S., 2015–2016
In 2013, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force again recommended alcohol misuse screening and provision of brief behavioral counseling interventions to those engaged in risky drinking for all adults aged ≥18 years in primary care. This report presents national estimates of the provision of alcohol screening and brief intervention by U.S. primary care physicians, the screening methods, and the resources they identified as helpful in implementing alcohol/substance screening and intervention in primary care settings.Systematic Review of Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring With Support: Intervention Effectiveness and Cost
Self-measured blood pressure monitoring with support is an evidence-based intervention that helps patients control their blood pressure. This systematic economic review describes how certain intervention aspects contribute to effectiveness, intervention cost, and intervention cost per unit of the effectiveness of self-measured blood pressure monitoring with support.Community Health Centers’ Performance in Cancer Screening and Prevention
Little is known about what clinic-level factors differentiate community health centers that achieve high performance on cancer-preventive care metrics. This study aims to describe the longitudinal trends in the delivery of 3 cancer-preventive care metrics (cervical and colorectal cancer screenings and tobacco-cessation intervention) and define and compare community health centers with high cancer-preventive care performance with those with low cancer-preventive care performance.Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Screening in Latinos and Non-Hispanic Whites
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Latinos in the U.S., but it is unclear, from previous research, whether Latinos have differing rates of colorectal cancer screening methods from those of non-Hispanic Whites.Routine HIV Testing and Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan
Routine HIV testing is expected to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, to date, limited data are available on the presumed benefit of early detection with improved outcomes through routine HIV testing.Evaluation of a Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process Approach for Hypertension
An estimated 116 million American adults (47.3%) have hypertension. Most adults with hypertension do not have it controlled—3 in 4 (92.1 million) U.S. adults with hypertension have a blood pressure ≥130/80 mmHg. The Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process is a standardized patient-centered approach to the provision of pharmacist care that is done in collaboration with other healthcare providers. Through the Michigan Medicine Hypertension Pharmacists’ Program, pharmacists use the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process to provide hypertension management services in collaboration with physicians in primary care and community pharmacy settings.Association Between Dense Breast Legislation and Cancer Stage at Diagnosis
Many states have mandated breast density notification and insurance coverage for additional screening; yet, the association between such legislation and stage of diagnosis for breast cancer is unclear. This study investigates this association and examines the differential impacts among different age and race/ethnicity subgroups.Tobacco Treatment Guideline Use and Predictors Among U.S. Physicians by Specialty
Physicians play a critical role in tobacco treatment, being a frequent link to smokers and a trusted source of information. Unfortunately, barriers exist that limit physicians’ implementation of evidence-based interventions. This study examines the implementation and predictors of the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange model of tobacco treatment clinical guidelines among U.S. physicians.Optimizing Texting Interventions for Melanoma Prevention and Early Detection: A Latin Square Crossover RCT
Text messaging is an effective way to reach large populations with health promotion support. This study aims to establish the optimal text messaging intervention to achieve behavior change in young adults at risk of skin cancer.Capturing the Rest: Inpatient Mammography for Nonadherent Hospitalized Women
More than a third of hospitalized women are overdue or nonadherent to breast cancer screening guidelines, and almost a third of them are also at high risk for developing breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of coordinating inpatient breast cancer screening mammography for these women before their discharge from the hospital.Family Health History–Based Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Literature
National efforts have advocated for the need to deliver family health history–based interventions to the lay public for more than a decade. Yet, the numbers, characteristics, and outcomes of such interventions are unknown. This first-of-its-kind systematic literature review examines the characteristics and effectiveness of the existing family health history–based interventions.Tobacco Treatment Specialist Training for Lung Cancer Screening Providers
On the basis of the results of the National Lung Screening Trial,1 the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends lung cancer screening with a low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scan as a screening tool for early detection of lung cancer.2 More specifically, this LDCT scan is recommended for high-risk individuals who have at least a 20-pack-year smoking history, who are currently smoking or have quit in the last 15 years, and who are aged 50–80 years.2 At the time of writing this paper, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) approved annual lung cancer screening as a covered benefit for those patients who meet the criteria outlined in the 2013 USPSTF recommendation (i.e., have 30-pack-year history and aged 55–77 years).State- and Provider-Level Racism and Health Care in the U.S.
This study examines the associations between state-level and provider sources of racism and healthcare access and quality for non-Hispanic Black and White individuals.A Systematic Review of the Roles and Contributions of Peer Providers in the Behavioral Health Workforce
Peer providers with lived experiences of mental health and substance use are a growing component of the workforce responsible for the prevention and treatment of behavioral health disorders. This systematic literature review aims to better define the roles of peers and their unique contributions to behavioral health care.Trends in the Utilization of Recommended Clinical Preventive Services, 2011–2019
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act requires many health insurance plans to cover certain clinical preventive services in network with no cost sharing. This study describes the utilization trends of 8 clinical preventive services by insurance status and analyzes utilization disparities.Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Screening in the U.S.
This study evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on testing for common sexually transmitted infections. Specifically, changes are measured in chlamydia and gonorrhea testing and case detection among patients aged 14–49 years during the COVID-19 pandemic.Evidence-Based Interventions and Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates: The Colorectal Cancer Screening Program, 2015–2017
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administers the Colorectal Cancer Control Program to increase colorectal cancer screening rates among people aged 50–75 years in areas where rates are lower than state or national levels. The aim of this study is to better understand the effectiveness of specific Colorectal Cancer Control Program components.
