Health Education and Literacy
Longer-Term Efficacy of a Digital Life-Skills Training for Substance Use Prevention
The main objective of this study was to test the longer-term and differential efficacy of a mobile phone‒based life-skills training program designed to prevent substance use among adolescents.TV Advertising, Corporate Power, and Latino Health Disparities
This study identifies mental health, tobacco prevention, alcohol/beer, food/beverage, pharmaceutical, and other health-related advertisements across Spanish- and English-language TV networks owned by the same parent media company in the U.S. as commercial determinants of health disparities for Latino populations and/or viewers of Spanish-language TV.Oral Nicotine Product Awareness and Use Among People Who Smoke and Vape in the U.S.
Tobacco-free oral nicotine products are an emerging class of noncombustible nicotine products. Oral nicotine product sales have increased since 2016, although little research has investigated consumer awareness, use, or correlates of oral nicotine product use. The purpose of this analysis was to assess the prevalence and correlates of oral nicotine product awareness and use.Health Literacy, Numeracy, and Health Promotion: A Secondary Analysis of the Choosewell 365 Workplace Trial
Health literacy and numeracy are linked to obesity and dietary behaviors. This study investigates whether the effect of a workplace behavioral intervention to prevent weight gain and improve diet differed by employee health literacy and numeracy.Public Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Clinical Trials in the COVID-19 Era
Participant enrollment in clinical trials is challenged by a multitude of structural-, clinical-, physician-, and individual-level barriers to participation.1 In addition to slow clinical trial accrual, there is often under-representation of racial/ethnic minorities who encounter even greater barriers to participation.2,3 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has further challenged participant enrollment.4 Nationally representative data on attitudes toward clinical trials are limited.Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy: Insight From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
This study determines the prevalence and associated correlates of people unaware of their diabetic retinopathy diagnosis in the U.S.Easing Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Hesitancy: A Communication Experiment With U.S. Parents
The Announcement Approach using presumptive announcements increases human papillomavirus vaccine uptake. This study seeks to understand the impact of the final Announcement Approach steps—easing parents’ vaccine concerns and then encouraging them to get human papillomavirus vaccine for their children—on parents’ human papillomavirus vaccine hesitancy and confidence in the vaccine's benefits.The Association Between Health Literacy and Self-rated Health Among Residents of China Aged 15–69 Years
Health literacy is a critical determinant of health. However, the association between health literacy and outcomes among Chinese residents has not been studied using nationally representative data. This study examines the association between health literacy and self-rated health among Chinese residents based on the 2017 China Health Literacy Survey.Associations Between Exposure to The Real Cost Campaign, Pro-Tobacco Advertisements, and Tobacco Use Among Youth in the U.S.
E-cigarette use is rising among youth. Advertising and anti-tobacco campaigns may be associated with the use of E-cigarettes and other tobacco products. This study examines the associations between tobacco use and exposure to The Real Cost's first campaign focusing on E-cigarettes.The Relationship Between Health Literacy and Nonrecommended Cancer Screening
Health literacy affects how patients behave within the healthcare system. Overutilization of screening procedures inconsistent with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines contributes to the high cost of health care. The authors hypothesize that higher health literacy supports guideline-concordant screening. This study assesses the effect of health literacy on nonrecommended prostate, breast, and cervical cancer screening in patients older than the recommended screening age limit.Impact of The Real Cost Media Campaign on Youth Smoking Initiation
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between youth exposure to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's national tobacco public education campaign, The Real Cost, and changes in smoking initiation.Parents’ Awareness and Perceptions of JUUL and Other E-Cigarettes
The purpose of this study is to examine awareness, attitudes, and related knowledge of e-cigarettes, and JUUL specifically, among parents of middle and high school students.Misinformation as a Misunderstood Challenge to Public Health
The concept of misinformation as a problem appears prominently in recent academic literature and public discourse, as researchers have raised concerns about the spread of inaccurate information online, decision making based on problematic information, and even the acceptance of medical conspiracy theories.1–4 Misinformation is false or inaccurate information regardless of intentional authorship, and yet much discussion about misinformation has focused on malicious acts to infect social media platforms with false information.Menthol Smoking Patterns and Smoking Perceptions Among Youth: Findings From the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study
Youth may be attracted to menthol cigarettes because they are perceived as less harmful and harsh to smoke relative to non-menthol cigarettes. This study examined demographic factors and menthol cigarette smoking patterns as correlates of youth harm perceptions of cigarette smoking and ease of smoking menthol versus non-menthol cigarettes.Vaccine Education, Reasons for Refusal, and Vaccination Behavior
Little is known about associations between the reasons parents refuse or delay vaccines for their children, their responsiveness to vaccine counseling, and their children's vaccination status at various ages. Since 2015, Michigan has required parents to attend education sessions at local health departments to receive nonmedical exemptions. This requirement provides an opportunity to study otherwise opaque aspects of vaccine refusal.Compensation Behaviors and Skin Cancer Prevention
Skin cancer prevention guidelines recommend practicing multiple behaviors to protect against harmful ultraviolet rays, yet few adults report practicing more than one recommended behavior. This study examines the extent to which skin cancer prevention behaviors are combined and may follow a pattern of compensation in which an individual's performance of one behavior (e.g., wearing sunscreen) precludes performing other protective behaviors (e.g., wearing a hat).Impact of U.S. Antismoking TV Ads on Spanish-Language Quitline Calls
Cigarette smoking is a major preventable cause of disease and death among U.S. Hispanics. Tobacco-cessation quitlines have been shown to increase quitting among Hispanics. However, the use of quitlines by this population remains low, especially among Spanish-speaking Hispanics. This study evaluates the promotion of 1-855-DÉJELO-YA (a quitline portal that routes callers to state-specific Spanish-language services) implemented as part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's national Tips From Former Smokers® (Tips®) campaign.Electronic Cigarette Harm and Benefit Perceptions and Use Among Youth
The purpose of this study is to examine adolescent perceptions of harms and benefits associated with electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and their associations with use.Lessons From Suicide Prevention Campaigns: Considerations for Opioid Messaging
Opioids are the contributing factor to increases in fatal overdoses in the U.S. and claimed more than 33,000 American lives in 2015.1 Identifying effective public health approaches to reduce opioid-related morbidity and mortality is an urgent priority. Public messaging is one such intervention that can be used to help by shifting individual factors (e.g., attitudes and beliefs) associated with an increased likelihood of behavior change and supporting the development of larger social environments (e.g., promote community connectedness) that validate and motivate targeted behaviors.Addressing Parents’ Vaccine Concerns: A Randomized Trial of a Social Media Intervention
Successful strategies are needed to address parental vaccine hesitancy, a significant public health issue. The study objective was to assess whether an Internet-based platform with vaccine information and interactive social media components improved parents’ vaccine-related attitudes.Trends and Gaps in Awareness of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests From 2007 to 2014
Direct-to-consumer genetic tests for inherited disease risks have gained recent approvals from the Food and Drug Administration, and interest in these tests has continued to grow. Broad use of these tests coupled with planning and discussion with health providers regarding genetic risks and potential protective behavior changes have been proposed as preventive tools to reduce health disparities and improve equity in health outcomes. However, awareness of direct-to-consumer genetic testing has historically demonstrated differences by education, income, and race; these disparities could jeopardize potential benefits by limiting access and use.Air Quality Awareness Among U.S. Adults With Respiratory and Heart Disease
Poor air quality affects respiratory and cardiovascular health. Information about health risks associated with outdoor air quality is communicated to the public using air quality alerts. This study was conducted to assess associations of existing respiratory and heart disease with three aspects of air quality awareness: awareness of air quality alerts, discussing with a health professional strategies to reduce air pollution exposure, and avoiding busy roads to reduce air pollution exposure when walking, biking, or exercising outdoors.Lay Beliefs About the Accuracy and Value of Cancer Screening
Appreciating the accuracy and value of cancer screening is essential to informed decision making about screening. This study’s objectives were to (1) examine people’s beliefs about the accuracy and value of cancer screening, and (2) determine whether sociodemographics, cancer beliefs, and shared decision making are associated with these beliefs.Awareness of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in U.S. Young Adults Aged 18–39 Years
Young adults with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes are at increased risk of developing heart disease later in life. Despite emphasis on early screening, little is known about awareness of these risk factors in young adulthood.Individualized Fracture Risk Feedback and Long-term Benefits After 10 Years
This study aimed to determine if beneficial effects of individualized feedback of fracture risk on osteoporosis preventive behaviors and bone mineral density observed in a 2-year trial were sustained long-term.
