Health Education and Literacy
Health Literacy, Numeracy, and Health Promotion: A Secondary Analysis of the Choosewell 365 Workplace Trial
Health literacy and numeracy are linked to obesity and dietary behaviors. This study investigates whether the effect of a workplace behavioral intervention to prevent weight gain and improve diet differed by employee health literacy and numeracy.Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy: Insight From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
This study determines the prevalence and associated correlates of people unaware of their diabetic retinopathy diagnosis in the U.S.Easing Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Hesitancy: A Communication Experiment With U.S. Parents
The Announcement Approach using presumptive announcements increases human papillomavirus vaccine uptake. This study seeks to understand the impact of the final Announcement Approach steps—easing parents’ vaccine concerns and then encouraging them to get human papillomavirus vaccine for their children—on parents’ human papillomavirus vaccine hesitancy and confidence in the vaccine's benefits.The Association Between Health Literacy and Self-rated Health Among Residents of China Aged 15–69 Years
Health literacy is a critical determinant of health. However, the association between health literacy and outcomes among Chinese residents has not been studied using nationally representative data. This study examines the association between health literacy and self-rated health among Chinese residents based on the 2017 China Health Literacy Survey.Impact of The Real Cost Media Campaign on Youth Smoking Initiation
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between youth exposure to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's national tobacco public education campaign, The Real Cost, and changes in smoking initiation.Menthol Smoking Patterns and Smoking Perceptions Among Youth: Findings From the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study
Youth may be attracted to menthol cigarettes because they are perceived as less harmful and harsh to smoke relative to non-menthol cigarettes. This study examined demographic factors and menthol cigarette smoking patterns as correlates of youth harm perceptions of cigarette smoking and ease of smoking menthol versus non-menthol cigarettes.Vaccine Education, Reasons for Refusal, and Vaccination Behavior
Little is known about associations between the reasons parents refuse or delay vaccines for their children, their responsiveness to vaccine counseling, and their children's vaccination status at various ages. Since 2015, Michigan has required parents to attend education sessions at local health departments to receive nonmedical exemptions. This requirement provides an opportunity to study otherwise opaque aspects of vaccine refusal.Compensation Behaviors and Skin Cancer Prevention
Skin cancer prevention guidelines recommend practicing multiple behaviors to protect against harmful ultraviolet rays, yet few adults report practicing more than one recommended behavior. This study examines the extent to which skin cancer prevention behaviors are combined and may follow a pattern of compensation in which an individual's performance of one behavior (e.g., wearing sunscreen) precludes performing other protective behaviors (e.g., wearing a hat).Impact of U.S. Antismoking TV Ads on Spanish-Language Quitline Calls
Cigarette smoking is a major preventable cause of disease and death among U.S. Hispanics. Tobacco-cessation quitlines have been shown to increase quitting among Hispanics. However, the use of quitlines by this population remains low, especially among Spanish-speaking Hispanics. This study evaluates the promotion of 1-855-DÉJELO-YA (a quitline portal that routes callers to state-specific Spanish-language services) implemented as part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's national Tips From Former Smokers® (Tips®) campaign.Electronic Cigarette Harm and Benefit Perceptions and Use Among Youth
The purpose of this study is to examine adolescent perceptions of harms and benefits associated with electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and their associations with use.Addressing Parents’ Vaccine Concerns: A Randomized Trial of a Social Media Intervention
Successful strategies are needed to address parental vaccine hesitancy, a significant public health issue. The study objective was to assess whether an Internet-based platform with vaccine information and interactive social media components improved parents’ vaccine-related attitudes.Trends and Gaps in Awareness of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests From 2007 to 2014
Direct-to-consumer genetic tests for inherited disease risks have gained recent approvals from the Food and Drug Administration, and interest in these tests has continued to grow. Broad use of these tests coupled with planning and discussion with health providers regarding genetic risks and potential protective behavior changes have been proposed as preventive tools to reduce health disparities and improve equity in health outcomes. However, awareness of direct-to-consumer genetic testing has historically demonstrated differences by education, income, and race; these disparities could jeopardize potential benefits by limiting access and use.Air Quality Awareness Among U.S. Adults With Respiratory and Heart Disease
Poor air quality affects respiratory and cardiovascular health. Information about health risks associated with outdoor air quality is communicated to the public using air quality alerts. This study was conducted to assess associations of existing respiratory and heart disease with three aspects of air quality awareness: awareness of air quality alerts, discussing with a health professional strategies to reduce air pollution exposure, and avoiding busy roads to reduce air pollution exposure when walking, biking, or exercising outdoors.Awareness of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in U.S. Young Adults Aged 18–39 Years
Young adults with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes are at increased risk of developing heart disease later in life. Despite emphasis on early screening, little is known about awareness of these risk factors in young adulthood.Individualized Fracture Risk Feedback and Long-term Benefits After 10 Years
This study aimed to determine if beneficial effects of individualized feedback of fracture risk on osteoporosis preventive behaviors and bone mineral density observed in a 2-year trial were sustained long-term.Parental Support for Age-based Indoor Tanning Restrictions
Regulatory agencies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, are considering policies to ban indoor tanning for youth aged <18 years. Using data from a nationally representative sample, this study assessed parental support for age-based bans as well as less restrictive parental permission requirements.State-Level Awareness of Chronic Kidney Disease in the U.S.
This study examined state-level variation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) awareness using national estimates of disease awareness among adults in the U.S. with CKD.Community-Level Inequalities in Concussion Education of Youth Football Coaches
USA Football has made the Heads Up Football (HUF) concussion education program available for coaches of youth football players. Existing evidence about the effectiveness of the HUF coach education program is equivocal. For HUF and other programs, there is growing concern that even effective interventions can increase inequalities if there is different uptake or impact by SES or other demographic factors. Understanding how adoption is patterned along these lines is important for understanding equity issues in youth football.Perceived Discrimination and Privilege in Health Care: The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Race
This study examined how perceived racial privilege and perceived racial discrimination in health care varied with race and socioeconomic status (SES).Colorectal Cancer Screening and Chinese Americans: Efficacy of Lay Health Worker Outreach and Print Materials
Chinese Americans have low colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates. Evidence-based interventions to increase CRC screening in this population are lacking. This study aims to compare the efficacy of two interventions in increasing CRC screening among Chinese Americans.Factors Perceived as Influencing Local Health Department Involvement in Mental Health
Local health departments (LHDs) are potentially well positioned to implement population-based approaches to mental health promotion, but research indicates that most LHDs are not substantively engaged in activities to address mental health. Little is known about factors that influence if and how LHDs address population mental health. The objectives of this qualitative study were to (1) understand how LHD officials perceive population mental health; (2) identify factors that influence these perceptions and LHD activities to address population mental health; and (3) develop an empirically derived conceptual framework of LHD engagement in population mental health.Effectiveness of the Tobacco Tactics Program in the Trinity Health System
This study determined the effectiveness of the Tobacco Tactics intervention.School-Based Health Centers’ Presence: The Role of School and Community Factors
School-based health centers (SBHCs) offer an efficient mechanism for delivering health services to large numbers of underserved youth; however, their availability varies across communities. Data on sociocontextual variables were analyzed to investigate factors that inhibit and facilitate SBHCs.Healthcare Provider Contact and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Baltimore Men Who Have Sex With Men
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) safely and effectively prevents HIV in populations at high risk, including men who have sex with men (MSM). PrEP scale-up depends upon primary care providers and community-based organizations (CBOs) sharing PrEP information. This study aimed to determine whether healthcare provider or CBO contact was associated with PrEP awareness among Baltimore MSM.Disparities in Diabetes by Education and Race/Ethnicity in the U.S., 1973–2012
Diabetes mellitus incidence has more than doubled in the U.S. over the past 2 decades. Not all sectors of the population have experienced the increase proportionally. The goal of this study was to determine if disparities in diabetes by education and race/ethnicity have increased over time, and if there are differences by gender and birth cohort.
