Health Policy
Association Between Fatal Occupational Injuries and State Minimum-Wage Laws, 2003–2017
Low wages are associated with an increased risk of occupational injuries. Increasing the minimum wage is one way to increase workers’ wages; however, a previous study found that higher state minimum wage was associated with an increase in nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses. This study aims to examine the association between state minimum-wage laws and fatal occupational injuries.A Decade of Nutrition and Health Disparities Research at NIH, 2010–2019
Nutrition health disparities include differences in incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of diet-related diseases and conditions. Often, race, ethnicity, and the social determinants of health are associated with dietary intake and related health disparities. This report describes the nutrition health disparities research supported by NIH over the past decade and offers future research opportunities relevant to NIH's mission as described in the Strategic Plan for NIH Nutrition Research.National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Social Determinants of Health Research, Fiscal Year 2008–2020
Social determinants of health influence the prevention, treatment, and progression of chronic diseases, including heart, lung, blood, and sleep diseases and conditions. Healthy People 2020 classifies Social Determinants of Health into 5 subcategories: (1) Neighborhood and Built Environment, (2) Education, (3) Economic Stability, (4) Social and Community Context, and (5) Health and Health Care. This study's goal is to characterize the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Fiscal Year 2008–2020 funding in overall Social Determinants of Health research and in the Healthy People 2020 subcategories.Farmers’ Market Incentives for Low-Income Families: Who Uses, How Much, and Why
Focusing on participation and utilization, this research helps to assess the potential impact and contributions of farmers’ market incentive programs, often seen as means for improving nutrition and preventing disease among low-income families.Friendship and Loneliness: A Prototype Roadmap for Health System Action
Loneliness, the subjective perception of social disconnectedness, is emerging as a public health crisis. In 2018, approximately 50 million U.S. adults aged ≥45 years reported feeling lonely, an increase from approximately 43 million in 2010.1 The high rate of loneliness is particularly worrisome because loneliness negatively impacts psychological and physical health and is associated with a 50%, 29%, and 26% increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, coronary heart disease, and premature mortality, respectively.Substance Use Disorders Among Medicare Beneficiaries: Prevalence, Mental and Physical Comorbidities, and Treatment Barriers
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of treated and untreated substance use disorders among Medicare beneficiaries, the characteristics of Medicare beneficiaries with substance use disorders, and reasons for their unmet needs.Vaccination Coverage of Privately Insured Children: Comparing U.S. Survey and Administrative Data
National Immunization Survey-Child data are used widely to assess childhood vaccination coverage in the U.S. This study compares National Immunization Survey-Child coverage estimates with estimates using other supplementary data sources.Telemedicine Familiarity and Post-Disaster Utilization of Emergency and Hospital Services for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions
In this study, we examined the association between telemedicine use before a disaster and utilization of emergency or hospital services for ambulatory care sensitive conditions post-disaster.Young Adult Healthcare Exposure and Future Opioid Misuse: A Prospective Cohort Study
Outpatient opioid prescribing is associated with opioid misuse in young adults, but the longitudinal association between general healthcare exposure and opioid misuse has not been explored. The objective of this study is to examine the association between healthcare exposure in young adulthood and future opioid misuse.Community Health Needs Assessment Data and Community Recovery From COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact beyond physical morbidity and mortality. A mid-cycle Community Health Needs Assessment survey was administered in 1 community to generate data to evaluate change in community well-being since the beginning of the pandemic.Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data Reporting Among U.S. Health Centers
Sexual orientation and gender identity data collection is necessary to address health inequities. This study examines sexual orientation and gender identity data reporting among community health centers.Healthcare Utilization and Costs Associated With Perinatal Depression Among Medicaid Enrollees
Differences in healthcare utilization and medical expenditures associated with perinatal depression are estimated.Sustained Impact of the Philadelphia Beverage Tax on Beverage Prices and Sales Over 2 Years
It is unclear whether changes in beverage price and sales after beverage tax implementation can be sustained long term. This study aims to quantify the changes in beverage prices and sales in large retailers 2 years after the implementation of the 1.5 cents per ounce Philadelphia beverage tax.Predictors of Public Support for Social Safety Net Policy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
U.S. residents had varying experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic and social safety net policy in 2020. Past research has suggested that partisanship, ideology, racial attitudes, and personal experience may each influence policy attitudes. In this study, we explore whether variation in support for social safety net policy in 2020 is predicted by negative experiences of the pandemic when controlling for racial attitudes, partisanship, and ideology.State Paid Sick Leave and Paid Sick-Leave Preemption Laws Across 50 U.S. States, 2009–2020
Paid sick leave is associated with lower mortality risks and increased use of health services. Yet, the U.S. lacks a national law, and not all employers offer paid leave, especially to low-wage workers. States have enacted paid sick-leave laws or preemption laws that prohibit local governments from enacting paid sick-leave requirements.Citizenship Status and Mortality Among Young Latino Adults in the U.S., 1998‒2015
Although Latino immigrants, especially noncitizens, endure structural factors that may increase their risk of death at younger ages, little is known about their risk of death in young adulthood. This study evaluates mortality differences across citizenship status among young Latino adults (aged 18–44 years) in the U.S.Screening for Social Risk at Federally Qualified Health Centers: A National Study
Federally Qualified Health Centers serve 29.8 million low-income patients across the U.S., many of whom have unaddressed social risks. In 2019, for the first time, data on social risk screening capabilities were collected from every U.S. Federally Qualified Health Center. The objectives of this study were to describe the national rates of social risk screening capabilities across Federally Qualified Health Centers, identify organizational predictors of screening, and assess between-state heterogeneity.Characteristics of Scientific Evidence Informing Changed U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Insufficient Evidence Statements
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issues “Insufficient Evidence” (I) statements when scientific evidence is inadequate for making recommendations about clinical preventive services. Insufficient Evidence statements may be changed to definitive recommendations if new research closes evidence gaps. This study examines the characteristics of evidence that informed changes from I statements to definitive recommendations, including NIH's role as a funder.Eviction, Healthcare Utilization, and Disenrollment Among New York City Medicaid Patients
Although growing evidence links residential evictions to health, little work has examined connections between eviction and healthcare utilization or access. In this study, eviction records are linked to Medicaid claims to estimate short-term associations between eviction and healthcare utilization, as well as Medicaid disenrollment.The Association of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Units and Reports of Child Abuse and Neglect
Poverty broadly and financial stress owing to housing insecurity specifically are associated with an increased risk of child maltreatment. Therefore, it is possible that a program designed to increase access to affordable housing such as the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program could reduce child maltreatment. The purpose of this study is to examine the association of the availability of housing units through the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program with the rates of child maltreatment reports, including reports for physical abuse and neglect, at the state and county levels.Social Needs Resource Connections: A Systematic Review of Barriers, Facilitators, and Evaluation
Healthcare organizations increasingly are screening patients for social needs (e.g., food, housing) and referring them to community resources. This systematic mixed studies review assesses how studies evaluate social needs resource connections and identifies patient- and caregiver-reported factors that may inhibit or facilitate resource connections.Enforcing Legal Compliance for Covering of Services Promoting Family Mental Health
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exacerbated a growing children's mental health crisis in the U.S. Mental health–related emergency department visits rose by 31% during COVID-19 onset compared with the same 7-month time period in 2019.1 This sudden increase built on a pre-existing trend of worsening mental health issues among children, as children experienced a 329% increase in visits for deliberate self-harm between 2007 and 2016.2 Absent intervention, these childhood mental health challenges will have long-term health and economic consequences that propagate disparities.A Cost Effectiveness Model of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Methods in the Brazilian National Health System
The use of long-acting reversible contraceptives is low among adolescents owing to the high up-front cost. In this study, a 5-year cost-effectiveness model and budget impact analysis were used to compare the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives with the use of combined oral contraceptives among Brazilian adolescents.Trends in the Impact of Medicaid Expansion on the Use of Clinical Preventive Services
This study aims to evaluate the trends in the impact of Medicaid expansion on the use of selected recommended clinical preventive services and examine the differences in use by income level over time.Variations in Healthcare Transition Preparation Among Youth With Chronic Conditions
Youth with special healthcare needs have low rates of healthcare transition services, which can affect lifelong functioning and quality of life. This study examines the variations in receipt of healthcare transition services among youth with special healthcare needs.
