Immunization
Willingness to Vaccinate Against COVID-19 in the U.S.: Representative Longitudinal Evidence From April to October 2020
Vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed in unprecedented time. However, the effectiveness of any vaccine is dictated by the proportion of the population willing to be vaccinated. This observational population-based study examines intentions to be vaccinated against COVID-19 throughout the pandemic.Potential Clinical and Economic Value of Norovirus Vaccination in the Community Setting
With norovirus vaccine candidates currently under development, now is the time to identify the vaccine characteristics and implementation thresholds at which vaccination becomes cost effective and cost saving in a community setting.The Benefits of Vaccinating With the First Available COVID-19 Coronavirus Vaccine
During a pandemic, there are many situations in which the first available vaccines may not have as high effectiveness as vaccines that are still under development or vaccines that are not yet ready for distribution, raising the question of whether it is better to go with what is available now or wait.Determinants of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake by Adult Women Attending Cervical Cancer Screening in 9 European Countries
Human papillomavirus–vaccinated cohorts, irrespective of age, will likely reduce their subsequent screening requirements, thus opening opportunities for global cost reduction and program sustainability. The determinants of uptake and completion of a 3-dose human papillomavirus vaccination program by adult women in a European context were estimated.Geographic Variation in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Initiation and Completion Among Young Adults in the U.S.
This study explores how human papillomavirus vaccination initiation and completion among men and women aged 18–34 years varies by geographic region.Characteristics of Repeated Influenza Vaccination Among Older U.S. Adults
Annual influenza vaccination is associated with reduced mortality among older adults and lower overall public health burden of influenza. This study seeks to identify the characteristics associated with repeat influenza vaccination and determine whether age-group (51–59, 60–69, ≥70 years) differences exist.Variations in Hepatitis B Vaccine Series Completion by Setting Among Adults at Risk in West Virginia
West Virginia leads the nation with the highest rate of acute hepatitis B. From 2013 to 2015, the West Virginia hepatitis B Vaccination Pilot Project distributed more than 10,000 doses of hepatitis B vaccine to at-risk adults through local health department clinics and through outreach to correctional facilities and substance use treatment centers. This study aims to determine which setting type is associated with the greatest likelihood of at-risk adults receiving all 3 or at least 2 doses of hepatitis B vaccine.Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccine Policies and Recommendations at U.S. Colleges and Universities
Serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) disease is a rare but serious illness that can result in permanent disability and death. In the U.S., where approximately 50–60 cases and 5–10 deaths among adolescents and young adults are reported annually, 2 MenB vaccines are approved for people aged 10–25 years and recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for select populations at high risk due to immune deficiencies, potential occupational exposure, or an ongoing outbreak.Human Papillomavirus Immunization in Rural Primary Care
Despite the safety and efficacy of the human papillomavirus vaccine, thousands are impacted by human papillomavirus and its related cancers. Rural regions have disproportionately low rates of human papillomavirus vaccination. Primary care clinics play an important role in delivering the human papillomavirus vaccine. A positive deviance approach is used to identify workflows, organizational factors, and communication strategies in rural clinics with higher human papillomavirus vaccine up-to-date rates.Physicians’ Use of Evidence-Based Strategies to Increase Adult Vaccination Uptake
This study assesses the following among primary care physicians: (1) the use of evidence-based strategies to improve adult vaccination rates, (2) the number of strategies employed simultaneously, and (3) characteristics associated with assessing adult vaccinations at each visit.Shingles Vaccination of U.S. Adults Aged 50–59 Years and ≥60 Years Before Recommendations for Use of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine
In 2006, zoster vaccine live was recommended for adults aged ≥60 years. In 2011, zoster vaccine live was approved for use but not recommended for adults aged 50–59 years. This study assessed zoster vaccine live coverage among adults aged 50–59 years and ≥60 years.Hepatitis B Birth Dose Effects on Childhood Immunization in the U.S.
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends administering the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine at birth, making it the first vaccine that many children receive. However, few studies examine whether children who miss the birth dose are at increased risk of vaccination delay. This study investigates birth dose as a determinant of up-to-date immunization status at age 18 months, considering 7 core childhood vaccine series: diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis; polio; measles, mumps, and rubella; Haemophilus influenzae type B; varicella; hepatitis B; and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults Aged ≥65 Years: Cost-Effectiveness and Health Impact in U.S. Populations
Recommending both the conjugate and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines to all U.S. seniors may have little public health impact and be economically unreasonable. Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of using both vaccines in all adults aged ≥65 years were estimated compared with an alternative strategy (omitting pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the nonimmunocompromised) and with the newly revised recommendation (giving or omitting conjugate vaccine based on patient–physician shared decision making).Hepatitis B Birth Dose: First Shot at Timely Early Childhood Vaccination
Current U.S. recommendations state that newborns weighing ≥2,000 grams should receive a birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine, yet approximately one quarter do not receive this first dose as scheduled. The relationship between timely receipt of the first hepatitis B vaccine and other early childhood vaccines remains unclear.Maternal Immunization in the U.S.: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
At present, pregnant women in the U.S. are recommended to receive tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) and influenza vaccines. This study assessed maternal coverage of these 2 vaccinations.Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Coverage Trends Among Adult Populations, U.S., 2010–2016
Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among adults. The most effective strategy for preventing influenza is annual vaccination. However, vaccination coverage has been suboptimal among adult populations. The purpose of this study is to assess trends in influenza vaccination among adult populations.Efficacy of a Web-Based Intervention to Increase Uptake of Maternal Vaccines: An RCT
Tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) and influenza vaccines are recommended for pregnant women in each pregnancy, yet uptake is suboptimal. This study tested the efficacy of an online vaccine resource in increasing uptake of Tdap and influenza vaccines among pregnant women.Insurance Reimbursements for Routinely Recommended Adult Vaccines in the Private Sector
Financial concerns are frequently cited by providers as a barrier to adult vaccination. This study assessed insurance reimbursements to providers for administering vaccines to adults in the private sector.Association of State Laws With Influenza Vaccination of Hospital Personnel
Healthcare personnel influenza vaccination can reduce influenza illness and patient mortality. State laws are one tool promoting healthcare personnel influenza vaccination.Vaccine Education, Reasons for Refusal, and Vaccination Behavior
Little is known about associations between the reasons parents refuse or delay vaccines for their children, their responsiveness to vaccine counseling, and their children's vaccination status at various ages. Since 2015, Michigan has required parents to attend education sessions at local health departments to receive nonmedical exemptions. This requirement provides an opportunity to study otherwise opaque aspects of vaccine refusal.Vaccination Practices Among Obstetrician/Gynecologists for Non-pregnant Patients
Many non-pregnant women see obstetrician-gynecologists as their sole source of medical care, yet little is known about vaccination practices of obstetrician-gynecologists for non-pregnant patients. The objectives were to assess, among a national sample of obstetrician-gynecologists, practices related to vaccine delivery in non-pregnant patients and factors associated with stocking and administering more than three different vaccines to non-pregnant patients.Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Pregnant Women in the U.S., 2012–2015
Pregnant women are at increased risk for severe illness from influenza and influenza-related complications. Vaccinating pregnant women is the primary strategy to protect them and their infants from influenza. This study aims to assess influenza vaccination coverage during three influenza seasons (2012–2015) from a national probability-based sampling survey and evaluate potential factors that influence vaccination uptake among pregnant women.Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Interventions in the U.S.: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Despite current recommendations, human papillomavirus vaccine uptake remains low. A systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of interventions targeting human papillomavirus vaccine initiation and completion among children, adolescents, and young adults aged 9–26 years.Compressed Influenza Vaccination in U.S. Older Adults: A Decision Analysis
Tradeoffs exist between efforts to increase influenza vaccine uptake, including early season vaccination, and potential decreased vaccine effectiveness if protection wanes during influenza season. U.S. older adults increasingly receive vaccination before October. Influenza illness peaks vary from December to April.Implementation of Strategies to Improve Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Coverage: A Provider Survey
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage in the U.S. is persistently suboptimal, despite research describing barriers to vaccination and strategies to increase vaccination coverage. The objective was to assess providers’ approach to the HPV vaccine and their implementation of strategies to increase HPV vaccination coverage. The hypothesis was that adoption of improvement measures to address underuse of the HPV vaccine has not occurred.
