Injury
The First Year After Military Service: Predictors of U.S. Veterans’ Suicidal Ideation
Little is known about predictors of military veterans’ suicidal ideation as they transition from service to civilian life, a potentially high-risk period that represents a critical time for intervention. This study examined factors associated with veterans’ suicidal ideation in the first year after military separation.Elective Deliveries and the Risk of Autism
Cesarean section and induced deliveries have increased substantially in the U.S., coinciding with increases in autism spectrum disorder. Studies have documented associations between cesarean section deliveries and autism spectrum disorder but have not comprehensively accounted for medical risks. This study evaluates the extent to which cesarean section and induced deliveries are associated with autism spectrum disorder in low-risk births.Racial Disparities in Child Exposure to Firearm Violence Before and During COVID-19
Childhood exposure to neighborhood firearm violence adversely affects mental and physical health across the life course. Study objectives were to (1) quantify racial disparities in these exposures across the U.S. and (2) assess changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, when firearm violence increased.Bystander Program to Reduce Sexual Violence by Witnessing Parental Intimate Partner Violence Status
Youth who witness parental intimate partner violence are at increased risk for sexual violence. Existing data from a cluster RCT were used to determine the effectiveness of Green Dot bystander intervention to reduce sexual violence among high-school students who did and did not witness parental intimate partner violence.Rural–Urban Comparisons in the Rates of Self-Harm, U.S., 2018
This study compares rural and urban differences in the rates of nonfatal self-harm in the U.S. in 2018.Injury-Related Emergency Department Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic
On March 13, 2020, the U.S. declared COVID-19 to be a national emergency. As communities adopted mitigation strategies, there were potential changes in the trends of injuries treated in emergency department. This study provides national estimates of injury-related emergency department visits in the U.S. before and during the pandemic.Sexual Violence Against Women With Disabilities: Experiences With Force and Lifetime Risk
Emerging research suggests that people with disabilities experience an increased risk of sexual violence. However, few studies have examined the relationship between disability types and various forms of sexual violence, involving either physical or nonphysical force.Child Access Prevention Laws and Firearm Storage: Results From a National Survey
Child Access Prevention Negligent Storage (CAP-NS) laws seek to reduce pediatric firearm injury by imposing sanctions on gun owners if children gain access to unlocked guns. Whether these laws affect the storage behavior they aim to encourage is not known because historical panel data on firearm storage do not exist. As a result, assessing how much, if at all, firearm storage changed because of CAP-NS laws requires an indirect approach.Practical Guidance for Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Data: Merging States and Scoring Adverse Childhood Experiences
The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is a national health-related survey with an optional adverse childhood experience (ACE) module. States use varying methodologies, question formats, and sampling frames, and little guidance exists for conducting multistate explorations of adverse childhood experiences. In this study, 6 adverse childhood experience scoring approaches are compared, and practical recommendations are offered for when and how each approach can be utilized most effectively.The Association of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Units and Reports of Child Abuse and Neglect
Poverty broadly and financial stress owing to housing insecurity specifically are associated with an increased risk of child maltreatment. Therefore, it is possible that a program designed to increase access to affordable housing such as the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program could reduce child maltreatment. The purpose of this study is to examine the association of the availability of housing units through the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program with the rates of child maltreatment reports, including reports for physical abuse and neglect, at the state and county levels.Victim–Offender Relationship and the Emotional, Social, and Physical Consequences of Violent Victimization
Research is equivocal about how the social relationship between victims and offenders is linked to the emotional, social, and physical consequences of violence. This study examines the association of victim–offender relationship with the adverse outcomes reported by injured and uninjured victims of violence.A Call for Complex Systems and Syndemic Theory in Firearm Violence Research
Firearm violence remains an inequitable and significant social burden in the U.S. Annually, firearm violence costs approximately 30,000 lives each year and nearly $165 billion.1 Despite an ongoing emphasis on curbing the gun violence epidemic,2 firearm violence mortality rates have remained relatively stable throughout the 21st century.1 Further, discrete geographic areas and demographic segments endure a disproportionate burden from firearm violence.1,3 Firearm homicides in particular have risen in recent years, and these trends have been exacerbated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Intimate Partner Violence–Related Fatalities Among U.S. Youth Aged 0–24 Years, 2014–2018
Little is known about intimate partner violence-related fatalities among young people. This study comprehensively identifies and describes intimate partner violence-related homicides, homicide–suicides, legal intervention deaths, and suicides among young people.Workplace Violence, Workforce Stability, and Well-being in China's Psychiatric Hospitals
Workplace violence against psychiatric professionals is a growing problem, yet nationally representative data in China are lacking. This study examines workplace violence against psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses in China as well as its association with workforce stability and well-being .Suicide Risk Among Hospitalized Versus Discharged Deliberate Self-Harm Patients: Generalized Random Forest Analysis Using a Large Claims Data Set
Suicide rates are extremely high among emergency department patients seen for deliberate self-harm. Inpatient hospitalization is often recommended for these patients, but evidence on the suicide prevention impacts of hospitalization is scarce. Confounding by indication and challenges to implementing randomized designs are barriers to advances in this field.Maternal Substance Use Disorders and Accidental Drug Poisonings in Children
Risk factors for accidental drug poisonings in children are poorly understood, including the association with maternal substance use. This study seeks to determine whether maternal substance use disorders before birth are associated with the future risk of accidental drug poisonings in young children.Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Prevention Among Youth: A Community Guide Systematic Review
Intimate partner violence and sexual violence are widespread and often occur early in life. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of interventions for primary prevention of intimate partner violence and sexual violence among youth.Associations Among Military Sexual Trauma, Opioid Use Disorder, and Gender
Opioid use disorder and high-risk opioid prescription increase the risks for overdose and death. In Veterans, military sexual trauma is associated with increased risk for assorted health conditions. This study evaluates the association of military sexual trauma with opioid use disorder and high-risk opioid prescription and potential moderation by gender.Firearm Background Checks in States With and Without Background Check Laws
A total of 21 states have enacted laws that extend the types of firearm transfers that require the prospective purchaser to undergo a background check, often referred to as comprehensive background check laws. Utilizing a national representative survey of gun owners, this study estimates the proportion of firearm transfers that occur without background checks in states with and without these laws.Law Enforcement Violence in the Black Community: A Catalyst for Clinician Engagement in Social Justice
The murder of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer on May 25, 2020 triggered local, national, and international social unrest, driven by a prevailing and well-founded sense of discrimination within communities of color all over the world, especially with regard to police violence.1 There continues to be a pressing need for clinicians to understand the public health impacts of law enforcement violence that result in adverse health outcomes.Poor Individual Risk Classification From Adverse Childhood Experiences Screening
Adverse childhood experiences confer an increased risk for physical and mental health problems across the population, prompting calls for routine clinical screening based on reported adverse childhood experience exposure. However, recent longitudinal research has questioned whether adverse childhood experiences can accurately identify ill health at an individual level.Childhood Abuse–Related Weight Gain: An Investigation of Potential Resilience Factors
Childhood physical, sexual, and emotional abuse are linked to adult obesity, and little is known about what protective factors might mitigate this association.Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Reported Incidents of Child Neglect and Physical Abuse
The U.S. Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion, which allowed states to expand Medicaid coverage to low-income adults beginning in 2014, has reduced the risk factors for child neglect and physical abuse, including parental financial insecurity, substance use, and untreated mental illness. This study examines the associations between Medicaid expansion and the rates of overall, first-time, and repeat reports of child neglect and physical abuse incidents per 100,000 children aged 0–5, 6–12, and 13–17 years.Association Between Acute Exposure to Crime and Individual Systolic Blood Pressure
Hypertension is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and is geographically concentrated in urban underserved neighborhoods. This study examines the temporal–spatial association between individual exposure to violent crime and blood pressure.Measurement of Adverse Childhood Experiences: It Matters
Alternative measurement approaches for adverse childhood experiences (i.e., count score versus individual adverse childhood experiences measured dichotomously versus individual adverse childhood experiences measured ordinally) can alter the association between adverse childhood experiences and adverse outcomes. This could significantly impact the interpretation of adverse childhood experiences research.
