Intentional Injury
Racial Disparities in Child Exposure to Firearm Violence Before and During COVID-19
Childhood exposure to neighborhood firearm violence adversely affects mental and physical health across the life course. Study objectives were to (1) quantify racial disparities in these exposures across the U.S. and (2) assess changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, when firearm violence increased.Bystander Program to Reduce Sexual Violence by Witnessing Parental Intimate Partner Violence Status
Youth who witness parental intimate partner violence are at increased risk for sexual violence. Existing data from a cluster RCT were used to determine the effectiveness of Green Dot bystander intervention to reduce sexual violence among high-school students who did and did not witness parental intimate partner violence.Sexual Violence Against Women With Disabilities: Experiences With Force and Lifetime Risk
Emerging research suggests that people with disabilities experience an increased risk of sexual violence. However, few studies have examined the relationship between disability types and various forms of sexual violence, involving either physical or nonphysical force.The Association of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Units and Reports of Child Abuse and Neglect
Poverty broadly and financial stress owing to housing insecurity specifically are associated with an increased risk of child maltreatment. Therefore, it is possible that a program designed to increase access to affordable housing such as the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program could reduce child maltreatment. The purpose of this study is to examine the association of the availability of housing units through the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program with the rates of child maltreatment reports, including reports for physical abuse and neglect, at the state and county levels.Victim–Offender Relationship and the Emotional, Social, and Physical Consequences of Violent Victimization
Research is equivocal about how the social relationship between victims and offenders is linked to the emotional, social, and physical consequences of violence. This study examines the association of victim–offender relationship with the adverse outcomes reported by injured and uninjured victims of violence.A Call for Complex Systems and Syndemic Theory in Firearm Violence Research
Firearm violence remains an inequitable and significant social burden in the U.S. Annually, firearm violence costs approximately 30,000 lives each year and nearly $165 billion.1 Despite an ongoing emphasis on curbing the gun violence epidemic,2 firearm violence mortality rates have remained relatively stable throughout the 21st century.1 Further, discrete geographic areas and demographic segments endure a disproportionate burden from firearm violence.1,3 Firearm homicides in particular have risen in recent years, and these trends have been exacerbated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Intimate Partner Violence–Related Fatalities Among U.S. Youth Aged 0–24 Years, 2014–2018
Little is known about intimate partner violence-related fatalities among young people. This study comprehensively identifies and describes intimate partner violence-related homicides, homicide–suicides, legal intervention deaths, and suicides among young people.Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Prevention Among Youth: A Community Guide Systematic Review
Intimate partner violence and sexual violence are widespread and often occur early in life. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of interventions for primary prevention of intimate partner violence and sexual violence among youth.Associations Among Military Sexual Trauma, Opioid Use Disorder, and Gender
Opioid use disorder and high-risk opioid prescription increase the risks for overdose and death. In Veterans, military sexual trauma is associated with increased risk for assorted health conditions. This study evaluates the association of military sexual trauma with opioid use disorder and high-risk opioid prescription and potential moderation by gender.Law Enforcement Violence in the Black Community: A Catalyst for Clinician Engagement in Social Justice
The murder of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer on May 25, 2020 triggered local, national, and international social unrest, driven by a prevailing and well-founded sense of discrimination within communities of color all over the world, especially with regard to police violence.1 There continues to be a pressing need for clinicians to understand the public health impacts of law enforcement violence that result in adverse health outcomes.Childhood Abuse–Related Weight Gain: An Investigation of Potential Resilience Factors
Childhood physical, sexual, and emotional abuse are linked to adult obesity, and little is known about what protective factors might mitigate this association.Association Between Bully Victimization and Vaping Among Texas High School Students
Bullying and vaping among adolescents in Texas is a major public health concern. Bully victimization has been associated with substance use in adolescents; however, research examining the association between bully victimization and vaping in adolescents is sparse. This study aims to examine the independent association between bully victimization and vaping among Texas high school students.Lifetime Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence and Disability: Results From a Population-Based Study in New Zealand
There is no population-based study on prevalence rates for all forms of intimate partner violence experienced by people with different types of disabilities in New Zealand. This study compares the reported lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence (physical, sexual, psychological, controlling behaviors, and economic abuse) for people with different types of disabilities with that reported by those without disabilities and tests whether there is a gender difference.Prevalence of Nonpartner Physical and Sexual Violence Against People With Disabilities
This study aims to determine the prevalence rates of nonpartner physical and sexual violence in men and women with different disabilities compared with those in people without disabilities.Alcohol Policy Scores and Alcohol-Attributable Homicide Rates in 150 Countries
More comprehensive state-level alcohol policy environments are associated with lower alcohol-attributable homicide rates in the U.S., but few studies have explored this internationally. This study tests whether 3 national-level alcohol policy scores are associated with alcohol-attributable homicide rates.Firearm Extreme Risk Protection Order Laws and Preemption: New Developments and Outstanding Issues, 50 States, 2020
Firearm violence is a significant public health problem in the U.S. In 2020, there were 610 mass shootings, the highest recorded number according to the Gun Violence Archive, which includes all shootings with ≥4 victims1 (other estimates more conservatively record shooting deaths and exclude certain types). More women are killed by guns in the U.S. than in all other high-income countries, with almost half killed by domestic partners. Previous research found that before an attempted suicide or homicide, there are warning signs that the shooter intends to act.Screening for Interpersonal Violence: Missed Opportunities and Potential Harms
Screening for interpersonal violence is used in healthcare settings to identify patients experiencing violence. However, using unvalidated screening tools may misclassify patients’ experience with violence. The Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation adapted a previously validated intimate partner violence screening tool for use in assessing interpersonal violence and retained the tool's original scoring rubric, despite the new tool's broader scope. This study evaluates the scoring system for detecting safety concerns.Intimate Partner Violence Experienced by Adults With Diagnosed HIV in the U.S.
Intimate partner violence is associated with adverse health consequences among people with diagnosed HIV, which could have implications for disease progression and transmission. However, nationally representative estimates of intimate partner violence among people with diagnosed HIV are lacking. Investigators used nationally representative data to estimate the prevalence of physical violence by an intimate partner among adults with diagnosed HIV and examine the differences by selected characteristics.Systematic Review of Violence Prevention Economic Evaluations, 2000–2019
Health economic evaluations (e.g., cost-effectiveness analysis) can guide the efficient use of resources to improve health outcomes. This study aims to summarize the content and quality of interpersonal violence prevention economic evaluations.Differences in Public Support for Gun Policies Between Women and Men
This study examines whether differences exist by sex in support for specific gun policies aimed at reducing gun violence.Resistance-Related Injuries Among Law Enforcement Officers: Addressing the Empirical Gap
Officers can be unintentionally injured during officer–suspect interactions, and these injuries are often not coded as assaults. This article defines and enumerates injuries that officers sustain while chasing, detaining, arresting, or pursuing suspects. These are termed resistance-related injuries.Sexual Violence, Mental Health, and Prescription Opioid Use and Misuse
Previous research indicates that sexual violence is associated with prescription opioid use and misuse. However, this literature is limited by a lack of sex-specific analyses, an inability to establish temporality between experiences of sexual violence and prescription opioid outcomes, and little understanding of mechanisms underlying these associations.Adolescent Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Adult Intimate Partner Violence
Exposure to adverse experiences during adolescence may have significant implications for intimate partner violence during adulthood because it is during this developmental stage that many youth begin to have romantic relationships. Yet, few prospective longitudinal analyses on this topic exist. This study aims to fill a gap in the literature by examining the adverse childhood experiences during adolescence and intimate partner violence 15 years later during adulthood.Homicide Mortality Inequities in the 30 Biggest Cities in the U.S.
Homicide is a leading cause of death across the U.S., and it disproportionally affects Blacks in urban areas. This study fills a gap in the literature by examining homicide mortality and Black–White homicide disparities in the 30 biggest U.S. cities and for the entire U.S. across 2 time periods (2008–2012 and 2013–2017).Food Insecurity and Intimate Partner Violence Among HIV-Positive Individuals in Rural Kenya
Intimate partner violence and food insecurity are both structural drivers of HIV acquisition, care, and treatment, but little is known about how the 2 conditions intersect in the lives of those already living with HIV.
