LGBT
Comparing Outpatient Opioids, High-Risk Prescribing, and Opioid Poisoning Between Transgender and Cisgender Veterans: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Transgender veterans have a high prevalence of substance use disorder and physical and mental-health comorbidities, which are associated with prescription opioid use and overdose risk. This study compares receipt of outpatient opioids, high-risk opioid prescribing, and opioid poisoning between transgender and cisgender (i.e., nontransgender) veterans.Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data Reporting Among U.S. Health Centers
Sexual orientation and gender identity data collection is necessary to address health inequities. This study examines sexual orientation and gender identity data reporting among community health centers.Change in Gender on Record and Transgender Adults’ Mental or Behavioral Health
Within gender-diverse populations, gender-affirming changes in gender on record may improve mental or behavioral health. This study uses claims data to investigate whether sex assigned at birth modifies the association between change in gender on record and mental or behavioral health.Suicidality Among Sexual Minority Adults: Gender, Age, and Race/Ethnicity Differences
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals have elevated suicide risk, but there is little information available about how this risk may vary by gender, age, and race/ethnicity.Cardiovascular Disease in a Population-Based Sample of Transgender and Cisgender Adults
Existing data on cardiovascular disease among transgender people are inconsistent and are derived from nonrepresentative samples or population-based data sets that do not include transgender-specific risk factors such as gender-affirming hormone use and gender minority stressors. A nationally representative sample of cisgender and transgender adults aged ≥40 years was used to assess the prevalence and correlates of smoking, select cardiovascular disease conditions, and venous thromboembolism.Sources of Missing Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
This paper describes the sources, magnitude, and correlates of missing data in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity module.Intersecting Structural Oppression and Black Sexual Minority Men's Health
Although evidence indicates that Black gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men experience vast psychological and behavioral health inequities, most research has focused on individual rather than structural drivers of these inequities. This study examines the associations between structural racism and anti–lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer policies and the psychological and behavioral health of Black and White sexual minority men.Tobacco Use at the Intersection of Sex and Sexual Identity in the U.S., 2007–2020: A Meta-Analysis
A 2009 systematic review synthesized data between 1987 and 2007 and revealed a higher prevalence of smoking among sexual minority populations than among heterosexuals. Subsequently, growing attention to tobacco use among sexual minority populations has spurred more literature on this issue because higher tobacco use prevalence has been found in certain sexual minority subgroups relative to others. However, a population-level synthesis of tobacco use prevalence by sexual minority subgroup has not been done for the past decade.The Utility of Clinical Notes for Sexual Minority Health Research
Despite improvements in electronic medical record capability to collect data on sexual orientation, not all healthcare systems have adopted this practice. This can limit the usability of systemwide electronic medical record data for sexual minority research. One viable resource might be the documentation of sexual orientation within clinical notes. The authors developed an approach to identify sexual orientation documentation and subsequently derived a cohort of sexual minority patients using clinical notes from the Veterans Health Administration electronic medical record.Medical, Nonmedical, and Illegal Stimulant Use by Sexual Identity and Gender
Major knowledge gaps regarding medical and nonmedical prescription stimulant use and illegal stimulant use (i.e., cocaine/crack/methamphetamine) by sexual identity and gender have implications for individuals’ health and well-being. This study improves stimulant use measurement by differentiating the type of stimulant use and focusing on lesbian, gay, and bisexual subpopulations.Use of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes/Vaping Among Transgender People: Results From the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey
This study examines the demographic characteristics, transgender-specific factors, and discrimination experiences associated with current cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use/vaping, and dual use in a large sample of transgender people.Suicide Attempts Among a Cohort of Transgender and Gender Diverse People
Transgender and gender diverse people often face discrimination and may experience disproportionate emotional distress that leads to suicide attempts. Therefore, it is essential to estimate the frequency and potential determinants of suicide attempts among transgender and gender diverse individuals.Intersectionality and Health Inequities for Gender Minority Blacks in the U.S.
Gender minority blacks represent the intersection of multiply marginalized populations that experience severe health inequities in the U.S. However, few studies focus on the unique health experiences of this multiply disadvantaged population. This study quantifies the health inequities experienced by gender minority blacks in the U.S. using an intersectional framework.Sexual Orientation Differences in Alcohol Use Disorder Across the Adult Life Course
Sexual orientation‒related disparities in alcohol use disorder are well-established. Yet, the degree to which sexual orientation differences in alcohol use disorder vary across the life course is poorly understood. There is also a limited understanding of how exposure to minority stressors and their relationship with alcohol use disorder vary as a function of age.Gay–Straight Alliances: A Mechanism of Health Risk Reduction Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Adolescents
Adolescents who identify as a sexual or gender minority are vulnerable to multiple health disparities because of stigma-based peer harassment. Given that sexual and gender minority adolescents may be bullied for several stigmatized identities that may exacerbate health risk, it is important to examine factors that can simultaneously reduce multiple forms of targeted victimization among sexual and gender minority adolescents. This study examines whether variation in health risk across sexual and gender minority adolescents who attend schools with versus without a gay–straight alliance can be explained by lessened bias-based bullying across a broad scope of stigmatized identities and attributes.State Policies and Healthcare Use Among Transgender People in the U.S.
The introduction and passing of restrictive and protective transgender-specific state policies have increased during the past decade. These policies are critical for the health of transgender and other gender diverse people; however, little is known about the relationship between these policies and healthcare use, and the role that race/ethnicity plays in this relationship.Sexuality Disclosure in U.S. Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: Impact on Healthcare-Related Stigmas and HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Denial
Stigma impairs access to health care by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men who are open about their sexuality, or out, are more resilient to stigma than those who are not out. Outness may influence healthcare utilization and prescription of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis to HIV-negative gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.Prevalence of Social Determinants of Health Among Sexual Minority Women and Men in 2017
Inequities in social determinants of health are plausible contributors to worse health of sexual minorities relative to heterosexuals. Sexual minorities may have higher rates of housing, food, and financial insecurity as adults owing to adverse childhood experiences or policies that induce social disadvantage. This study compares the prevalence of 3 types of social determinants of health among sexual minority and heterosexual adults.Disparities in Suicidality by Gender Identity Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Suicidality is higher for gender minorities than the general population, yet little is known about suicidality in disabled or older adult gender minorities.Violence Victimization, Substance Use Disparities, and Gender-Nonconforming Youth
Exposure to violence victimization may help explain disparities of substance use among gender-nonconforming youth (i.e., those whose gender expression differs from societal expectations).Development and Validation of the Trans-Inclusive Provider Scale
Transgender and gender diverse individuals experience a variety of barriers to accessing culturally responsive care across different types of health services. This study develops and validates a scale to assess for trans-inclusive healthcare practices, which may be used in a variety of ways.Intersecting Experiences of Healthcare Denials Among Transgender and Nonbinary Patients
Transgender and nonbinary individuals experience high levels of health disparities and are more likely to experience denials of health care than their cisgender (nontransgender) counterparts. There is a lack of evidence on how healthcare denials vary by gender identity and other intersecting identity characteristics in the transgender and nonbinary populations.Early Alcohol and Smoking Initiation: A Contributor to Sexual Minority Disparities in Adult Use
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults report higher rates of smoking and alcohol use than heterosexual peers. Prior studies have not examined whether potential disparities in early initiation among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth may contribute to adult disparities.Sexual Orientation Disparities in Substance Use: Investigating Social Stress Mechanisms in a National Sample
Sexual minorities are disproportionately more likely than heterosexuals to suffer from substance use disorders, but relatively little is known about differences in substance use disorders across diverse sexual minority subgroups. There is also limited understanding of how different social stressors account for sexual orientation disparities in substance use disorders.Gender Minority Mental Health in the U.S.: Results of a National Survey on College Campuses
The purpose of this study was to examine mental health status by gender identity among undergraduate and graduate students.Suicides Among Lesbian and Gay Male Individuals: Findings From the National Violent Death Reporting System
Information regarding the epidemiology of suicide among lesbian and gay male individuals is limited, and comprehensive information is needed. This study seeks to describe the characteristics and precipitating circumstances of suicide among lesbian and gay male decedents when compared with non-lesbian and non-gay male decedents.Addressing Eating Disorders and Body Dissatisfaction in Sexual and Gender Minority Youth
Despite a growing body of literature demonstrating higher prevalence of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in sexual and gender minorities (SGMs), interventions tailored to address these problems in SGM youth are lacking.1–3 As with many other behavioral and physical health disparities in SGM populations, disordered eating and shape control may occur in response to common experiences of discrimination and stigma based on sexual orientation and gender identity, and are influenced by sociocultural norms.Sexual Orientation Disparities in Prescription Opioid Misuse Among U.S. Adults
The opioid epidemic in the U.S. continues to increase in severity, and misuse of prescription opioids is of particular concern since it commonly precedes heroin use. This study examined whether sexual orientation (i.e., sexual identity and sexual attraction) is a risk factor for prescription opioid misuse and use disorder among a nationally representative sample of adults in the U.S.Supporting Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth: Protection Against Emotional Distress and Substance Use
Important mental and physical health disparities exist for transgender and gender diverse youth compared with cisgender youth (i.e., those whose birth-assigned sex and gender identity align), yet little is known about factors that protect transgender and gender diverse youth from health problems. The objective of this paper is to identify modifiable protective factors in the lives of transgender and gender diverse adolescents, with the goal of informing efforts to eliminate disparities in depression, suicidality, and substance use in this population.Sexual Minority Status and Adolescent Eating Behaviors, Physical Activity, and Weight Status
This study examined sexual orientation differences in eating behaviors, physical activity, and weight status among adolescents in the U.S. Moreover, this study tested whether parental and peer influences contribute to sexual orientation disparities in adolescent eating behaviors, physical activity, BMI, and examined disparities in weight misperception.Health-related Quality of Life Among Black Sexual Minority Women
It is well established that socially marginalized groups experience worse health than dominant groups. However, many questions remain about the health of members of multiple marginalized groups, such as black sexual minority women. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQOL), race, and sexual orientation identity among a general population sample of black and white women and to assess additive interaction between sexual orientation identity and race.Health of Transgender Adults in the U.S., 2014–2016
Transgender people experience significant interpersonal and structural discrimination and stigma. However, little is known about the health of transgender people, and even less about the health of specific groups—including male-to-female, female-to-male, and gender-nonconforming transgender populations—despite the variation in social and biological characteristics across groups.Biomedical and Behavioral Outcomes of Keep It Up!: An eHealth HIV Prevention Program RCT
HIV diagnoses among young men who have sex with men are increasing, but few effective HIV prevention interventions exist for this population. An RCT was conducted of the online Keep It Up! intervention to determine if it significantly reduced condomless anal sex and sexually transmitted infections compared with an HIV knowledge condition.Tobacco Use and Sexual Orientation in a National Cross-sectional Study: Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sexual Identity–Attraction Differences
The purpose of this study is to determine the past-year prevalence estimates of any nicotine/tobacco use, cigarette smoking, and DSM-5 tobacco use disorder based on sexual identity among U.S. adults, and to examine potential variations in these estimates by age, race/ethnicity, and sexual identity–attraction concordance/discordance.Association of Religiosity With Sexual Minority Suicide Ideation and Attempt
The purpose of this study is to explore how the associations between importance of religion and recent suicide ideation, recent suicide attempt, and lifetime suicide attempt vary by sexual orientation.Sexual Orientation Discordance and Nonfatal Suicidal Behaviors in U.S. High School Students
Studies among adults have documented association between sexual orientation discordance and some suicide risk factors. However, studies examining sexual orientation discordance and nonfatal suicidal behaviors in youth are rare. This study examines the association between sexual orientation discordance and suicidal ideation/suicide attempts among a nationally representative sample of U.S. high school students.Gender Identity Disparities in Cancer Screening Behaviors
Transgender (trans) and gender-nonconforming adults have reported reduced access to health care because of discrimination and lack of knowledgeable care. This study aimed to contribute to the nascent cancer prevention literature among trans and gender-nonconforming individuals by ascertaining rates of breast, cervical, prostate, and colorectal cancer screening behaviors by gender identity.Social Stress and Substance Use Disparities by Sexual Orientation Among High School Students
Sexual minority youth often experience increased social stress due to prejudice, discrimination, harassment, and victimization. Increased stress may help explain the disproportionate use of substances like tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use by sexual minority youth. This study examined the effect of social stress on substance use disparities by sexual orientation among U.S. high school students.Stigma and Health-Related Quality of Life in Sexual Minorities
Stigma against sexual minorities is well documented, but its long-term consequences for health-related quality of life (HRQL) are unknown. This study examined stigma-related predictors of sexual orientation disparities in HRQL and their contribution to young adult HRQL disparities.Other Tobacco Product Use Among Sexual Minority Young Adult Bar Patrons
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals smoke at rates 1.5–2 times higher than the general population, but less is known about LGB consumption of other tobacco products (OTPs) and gender differences. OTP use among young adult LGB bar patrons and the relationship among past quit attempts, intention to quit, and binge drinking with OTP use was examined.Estimated HIV Inter-test Interval Among People at High Risk for HIV Infection in the U.S.
Knowing the HIV testing frequency and its temporal changes are central to evaluate public adherence to HIV testing recommendations and performance of HIV prevention programs. This study intended to estimate the mean HIV inter-test interval (ITI) and monitor its trends among men who have sex with men (MSM); people who inject drugs (PWID); and high-risk heterosexuals (HRH).Sexual and Behavioral Health Disparities Among Sexual Minority Hispanics/Latinos: Findings From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2014
Hispanics/Latinos (henceforth, Latinos) are the largest minority group in the U.S. With growing health disparities among this group, the highest burden remains among sexual and gender minority Latinos. Differences regarding sexual orientation have not been fully explored within this group using national representative samples. This study analyzed sexual and behavioral health disparities associated with sexual minority status among Latinos in the U.S.Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Medical Conditions Among Transgender Veterans
Transgender individuals experience pronounced disparities in health (e.g., mood disorders, suicide risk) and in the prevalence of social determinants of housing instability, financial strain, and violence. The objectives of this study were to understand the prevalence of social determinants among transgender veterans and assess their associations with medical conditions.Transgender Use of Cigarettes, Cigars, and E-Cigarettes in a National Study
Tobacco use among transgender adults continues to be an area of research with few reported findings. The limited literature indicates higher cigarette use among transgender adults, compared with the general population. This national study is the first to report on cigarettes, cigars, and e-cigarettes by examining differences in transgender tobacco use independent of sexual orientation.Sexual Orientation and Sleep in the U.S.: A National Profile
Sexual minorities often experience poorer health than non-sexual minorities. However, extant knowledge remains limited regarding the sleep characteristics, a risk factor for chronic diseases and excess mortality, of sexual minorities compared with non-sexual minorities at the population level.Early Sexual Debut and Associated Risk Behaviors Among Sexual Minority Youth
Early sexual debut, sexual risk taking, substance use, violent victimization, and suicidal behaviors are more prevalent among sexual minority than sexual nonminority youth. Although associations between early sexual debut and these risk behaviors exist, little is known about such associations among sexual minority youth. This study examined these associations among sexual minority U.S. high school students and their sexual nonminority peers.Healthcare Provider Contact and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Baltimore Men Who Have Sex With Men
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) safely and effectively prevents HIV in populations at high risk, including men who have sex with men (MSM). PrEP scale-up depends upon primary care providers and community-based organizations (CBOs) sharing PrEP information. This study aimed to determine whether healthcare provider or CBO contact was associated with PrEP awareness among Baltimore MSM.HIV Rates Are Increasing in Gay/Bisexual Teens: IRB Barriers to Research Must Be Resolved to Bend the Curve
Federal regulations (45 CFR 46) created IRBs to protect the rights and welfare of human research participants. Like overprotective parents whose short-term precautions have the unintended long-term consequence of depriving their children of the opportunity to develop skills necessary to be independent adults, IRBs are complicit in the creation of health inequities when their disapproval of studies systematically prevent some communities from having the opportunity to receive the benefits of research.Sexual Minority Health and Health Risk Factors: Intersection Effects of Gender, Race, and Sexual Identity
Although population studies have documented the poorer health outcomes of sexual minorities, few have taken an intersectionality approach to examine how sexual orientation, gender, and race jointly affect these outcomes. Moreover, little is known about how behavioral risks and healthcare access contribute to health disparities by sexual, gender, and racial identities.Sex of Sexual Partners and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among U.S. Girls and Women
Girls and women are at risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer from male and female sexual partners throughout the life course. However, no study has assessed how sex of sexual partners, a dimension of sexual orientation, may relate to HPV vaccination among girls and women.
