Tobacco & Nicotine
U.S. Adults’ Public Opinion Toward R-Rating Labels for Movies With Cigarette Smoking
The purpose of this study was to describe the proportion of U.S. adults who support, oppose, or are neutral toward a policy designating R-ratings for movies depicting cigarette smoking and to identify predictors of policy opposition or neutrality among a nationally representative sample.U.S. Trends in Age of Cigar Smoking Initiation by Race/Ethnicity and Education
Younger age of initiating cigar smoking is associated with greater nicotine dependence and current use. Age of initiating cigarette smoking has increased over time, whereas trends in age of initiating cigar smoking remain understudied. These trends were examined by race/ethnicity, by education, and at their intersection.Different Times Call for Different Measures: Using Retail Sales to Monitor the Tobacco Product Landscape
In the past 15 years, the tobacco product landscape has evolved rapidly. After the introduction of E-cigarettes in the 2000s and the growth and promotion of several brands, including JUUL, the use of these products rapidly increased among U.S. youth during 2011‒2019.1–3 These increases were driven by multiple factors, including advertising themes that are similar to those previously found to promote youth cigarette smoking,4 flavors that appeal to youth,5 and the introduction of newer products with characteristics that appeal to young people (e.g., smaller and easily concealable or similar in size and shape to a USB flash drive).Smoking-Cessation Assistance Among Older Adults by Ethnicity/Language Preference
Although smoking prevalence is lower among Hispanic adults than among non-Hispanic White adults, smoking remains a leading cause of preventable death among older Hispanics. This study examines the differences in tobacco assessment and smoking-cessation assistance among older patients seen in community health centers by ethnicity and language preference.Prescription Smoking-Cessation Medication Fills and Spending, 2009–2019
Smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death. However, effective medicines, including prescription medications often covered by health insurance, are available to aid cessation.Smoking and Risk of Premature Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for women in the U.S. and worldwide.1 Overall, 1 in 3 women die from CVD, and 45% of women aged >20 years have some form of CVD.1 Awareness of risk factors is critical in reducing cardiovascular risk in women.2 Women's awareness that heart disease is a leading cause of death among women has declined from 64.8% in 2009 to 43.7% in 2019, and of further concern, this decline was greatest among women aged 25–34 years and in those with CVD risk factors.Characteristics of Past 30–Day Cigar Smoking, U.S. Adolescents, 2020
Data from the 2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey indicated that cigars were the most commonly used combustible tobacco product in the past 30 days among youth. This study uses 2020 National Youth Tobacco Survey data to report the prevalence estimates and characteristics of current cigar use, overall and by cigar type, among middle- and high-school students in the U.S.Tobacco Treatment Specialist Training for Lung Cancer Screening Providers
On the basis of the results of the National Lung Screening Trial,1 the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends lung cancer screening with a low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scan as a screening tool for early detection of lung cancer.2 More specifically, this LDCT scan is recommended for high-risk individuals who have at least a 20-pack-year smoking history, who are currently smoking or have quit in the last 15 years, and who are aged 50–80 years.2 At the time of writing this paper, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) approved annual lung cancer screening as a covered benefit for those patients who meet the criteria outlined in the 2013 USPSTF recommendation (i.e., have 30-pack-year history and aged 55–77 years).Characteristics of Patients Engaging in Quitline Counseling After an Electronic Referral
Proactive, electronic referral of primary care patients to quitlines has great potential to provide evidence-based tobacco-cessation assistance to tobacco users. However, the quitline contact rates and engagement of individuals beyond 1 counseling call are poor. This study examines the characteristics of electronically referred patients who engage with the quitline.Associations Between Exposure to The Real Cost Campaign, Pro-Tobacco Advertisements, and Tobacco Use Among Youth in the U.S.
E-cigarette use is rising among youth. Advertising and anti-tobacco campaigns may be associated with the use of E-cigarettes and other tobacco products. This study examines the associations between tobacco use and exposure to The Real Cost's first campaign focusing on E-cigarettes.Cost Effectiveness of the Tips From Former Smokers® Campaign—U.S., 2012–2018
Since 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has conducted the national Tips From Former Smokers® public education campaign, which motivates smokers to quit by featuring people living with the real-life health consequences of smoking. Cost effectiveness, from the healthcare sector perspective, of the Tips From Former Smokers® campaign was compared over 2012–2018 with that of no campaign.More E-Cigarette Users Reaching Out to Quitlines for Support in Quitting: Minnesota's Experience
In 2018, a total of 42.3% of Minnesota adults who ever tried e-cigarettes reported using them for quitting smoking1 despite inadequate evidence of effectiveness.2 State quitlines provide treatment for all commercial tobacco products, including e-cigarettes.3 The recent vaping epidemic4 and related lung injuries5 present opportunities to encourage e-cigarette users to use quitlines. After Minnesota's state quitline (QUITPLAN Services) observed more enrollees reporting using any e-cigarettes between 2018 and 2019, data were examined to assess whether this coincided with the related lung injuries.Association Between Cigarette Smoking Frequency and Tobacco Use Disorder in U.S. Adults
Cigarette smoking remains a major cause of premature death and nicotine dependence is a major barrier to smoking cessation.1,2 The DSM-5 is the primary guide to psychiatric diagnoses in the U.S. The 5th revision, released in 2013, replaced the term nicotine dependence and instead assigns the diagnosis tobacco use disorder (TUD) to individuals experiencing clinically significant impairment, as indicated by meeting at least 2 of 11 specified criteria.3 Clinical practice guidelines encourage clinicians to routinely assess and treat tobacco use and dependence.Adults’ E-Cigarette Flavor Use and Cigarette Quit Attempts: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Findings
Prevalence of use of e-cigarettes among youth1 and adults2 in the U.S. continues to rise, and flavored tobacco product use is associated with initiation and subsequent use of tobacco products.3 However, little data exist on whether flavored e-cigarettes are associated with cigarette-cessation behaviors,4 including attempting to quit cigarette smoking and quit success among those who attempt to quit,5 although Buu et al.6 found that among exclusive cigarette smokers, using flavored e-cigarettes 1 year later was associated with lower quantity of cigarette smoking.Pediatric Resident Training in Tobacco Control and the Electronic Health Record
Given the dangers posed by tobacco use and tobacco smoke exposure, pediatricians should address tobacco use and exposure with patients and parents at every opportunity, but this is not consistently done in practice. One reason may be that many medical residents do not receive education on how to address tobacco use and tobacco smoke exposure with patients and their parents. In a 2012 survey of U.S. pediatric program directors, 65% of programs reported covering tobacco control in their curricula, but most training programs focused on tobacco's health effects and not intervention strategies for clinical practice.Availability and Characteristics of Hospital-Affiliated Tobacco-Cessation Programs in the U.S., 2000–2018
Smoking-cessation interventions can increase successful quitting, reduce healthcare costs, and enhance patients’ health and well-being. This study assesses changes in the availability of hospital-affiliated smoking-cessation programs over time in the U.S. and examines the hospital characteristics associated with such programs.E-Cigarettes: Matching Risks With Regulations
In 2019, e-cigarettes captured public attention as never before, with more than 2,600 cases of e-cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) and at least 57 U.S. deaths by early 2020.1 Local and state governments responded with bans on flavored e-cigarette sales. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) later announced restrictions on sales of flavored e-cigarette cartridges. Yet these responses conflated the epidemic of youth e-cigarette use—largely attributed to flavors—with the EVALI outbreak driven primarily by the use of informal or illicit vaping products that contained vitamin E acetate and, often, tetrahydrocannabinol, marijuana's principal psychoactive chemical.National Estimates of ENDS Liquid Nicotine Exposures, U.S., 2013–2017
Increased use of ENDS in the U.S. is related to acute adverse events from liquid nicotine exposure. This paper provides national estimates of U.S. hospital emergency department visits for exposures from liquid nicotine exposure in individuals aged ≥5 years.Increases in the Prevalence of Frequent E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents
The use of e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems, has increased among U.S. adolescents during the past few years.1,2 In 2019, more than 1 in 4 adolescents in high school indicated using e-cigarettes during the past 30 days, an increase of 38% from 2018.1,3 The increase in past 30–day rates of e-cigarette use is concerning, given that there is growing evidence that e-cigarette use, along with the frequency of e-cigarette use, is associated with symptoms of nicotine dependence among adolescents.A Comparison of Smoking History in the Electronic Health Record With Self-Report
Knowing patients’ smoking history helps guide who may benefit from preventive services such as lung cancer screening. The accuracy of smoking history electronic health records remains unclear.Risk of Stroke With E-Cigarette and Combustible Cigarette Use in Young Adults
Rising trends in stroke incidence and hospitalizations because of combustible cigarette smoking have been noted among younger adults. However, the association between e-cigarette use and stroke in this population remains largely unknown. This study examines the association between e-cigarette use with or without a history of previous or concurrent combustible cigarette use and stroke among young adults.Physical Activity and Use of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes Among Young Adults
Physical activity is known to be inversely associated with cigarette smoking among young people. However, evidence is not clear about the association between physical activity and e-cigarette use. Young people who otherwise lead a healthy lifestyle are attracted to e-cigarettes for nicotine or flavor consumption given the low harm perceptions associated with e-cigarette use. This is of concern given the potentially serious adverse health consequences of some forms of e-cigarette use. This study tested the hypotheses that increased physical activity is associated with lower levels of cigarette and e-cigarette use, both cross-sectionally and prospectively.Impact of Brief Nicotine Messaging on Nicotine-Related Beliefs in a U.S. Sample
The current study pilot tested the effect of a single, brief exposure to nicotine education messages on beliefs about nicotine, nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT), E-cigarettes, and cigarettes with reduced nicotine content (RNC).Parents’ Awareness and Perceptions of JUUL and Other E-Cigarettes
The purpose of this study is to examine awareness, attitudes, and related knowledge of e-cigarettes, and JUUL specifically, among parents of middle and high school students.Sexual and Gender Minority U.S. Youth Tobacco Use: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 3, 2015–2016
Tobacco use disparities by sexual identity are well characterized among adults, but relatively less is known about tobacco use disparities in sexual minority youth. Moreover, no national study has reported tobacco use behaviors among gender minority (e.g., transgender) youth.
